ReviewImmunology2018
The roles of resident, central and effector memory CD4 T-cells in protective immunity following infection or vaccination.
Review in Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Schistosoma haematobium infection and treatment on the systemic and mucosal immune phenotype, gene expression and microbiome: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Whole-body irradiation causes long-term impairments in the maintenance and function of naïve CD4 T cells specific for self- and non-self-antigens.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Pre-existing influenza antibodies, younger age, and increased CD4 THuman immunology · 2026Article
- Mammalian peripheral nerve specific autoimmunity: proposed mechanisms and redefinition of molecular mimicry.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Toward Precision Medicine: Gene Therapy Applications in the Management of Uveal Melanoma.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals different cellular states in malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment in primary and metastatic ER-positive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- IL-12 mRNA-LNP promotes dermal resident memory CD4NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- FcRn-Driven Nanoengineered Mucosal Vaccine with Multi-Epitope Fusion Induces Robust Dual Immunity and Long-Term Protection AgainstVaccines · 2025Article
- Chronic rejection models for vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tumor-Adhesive Chitosan-Derived Multi-Immune Agonist Unleashes Strong and Durable Anti-Cancer Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Prolonged immune response to tick-borne Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection using a genetically modified live vaccine.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Single cell analysis identifies distinct CD4 + T cells associated with the pathobiology of pediatric obesity related asthma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Optimisation of the cultured ELISpot/Fluorospot technique for the selective investigation of SARS-CoV-2 reactive central memory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Natalizumab and fumarate treatment differentially modulate CD4+ T cell and B cell subtypes in multiple sclerosis patients without impacting durable COVID-19 vaccine responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- A predictive model for the transformation from cervical inflammation to cancer based on tumor immune-related factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Protective Effect of IL-17A in Pneumonic Plague Can Be Compensated by Effective Vaccines and Immunization Strategies in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Immune cell activity during anti-TNF treatment in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Long-Term Protective Immunity againstVaccines · 2024Article
- Vaccination with Tozimameran Induces T-Cell Activation, but Not Senescent or Exhaustive Alterations, in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunological memory provides rapid protection to pathogens previously encountered through infection or vaccination. CD4 T-cells play a central role in all adaptive immune responses. Vaccines must, therefore, activate CD4 T-cells if they are to generate protective immunity. For many diseases, we do not have effective vaccines. These include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis and malaria, which are responsible for many millions of deaths each year across the globe. CD4 T-cells play many different roles during the immune response coordinating the actions of many other cells. In order to harness the diverse protective effects of memory CD4 T-cells, we need to understand how memory CD4 T-cells are generated and how they protect the host. Here we review recent findings on the location of different subsets of memory CD4 T-cells that are found in peripheral tissues (tissue resident memory T-cells) and in the circulation (central and effector memory T-cells). We discuss the generation of these cells, and the evidence that demonstrates how they provide immune protection in animal and human challenge models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.