ReviewToxins2018
Impact of Scyphozoan Venoms on Human Health and Current First Aid Options for Stings.
Review in Toxins, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Envenomations, stings, and traumas caused by marine invertebrates: from scientific facts to a forensic vision towards sustainable health and conservation strategies: a review.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- The 'jimble', a southern Australia box jellyfish,Toxicon: X · 2026Article
- A Review of the Chemical Properties, Mechanisms of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Jellyfish Toxins.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Emergency Department Presentations for Jellyfish Stings in Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Pain Severity and Treatment Timing.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Obtainment of Two Monomorphic Nematocysts fromMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Jellyfish Venom-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Immune Responses: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Tentacle Extract and Nematocyst Venom: Toxicity, Mechanism, and Potential Intervention in the Giant JellyfishMarine drugs · 2024Article
- Jellyfish Stings: A Review of Skin Symptoms, Pathophysiology, and Management.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Review
- Exploring the Efficacy of Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives in Mitigating Jellyfish Toxin-Induced Skin Damage: Insights into Protective and Reparative Mechanisms.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of Rinse Solutions onInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Marine biological injuries and their medical management: A narrative review.World journal of biological chemistry · 2023Review
- Compartment syndrome following a jellyfish sting: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Nematocyst Discharge fromMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Raising Awareness on the Clinical and Forensic Aspects of Jellyfish Stings: A Worldwide Increasing Threat.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Biochemical and Toxinological Characterization of Venom fromBioMed research international · 2022Article
- Article
- Nomad JellyfishMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Differing Effects of Vinegar onToxins · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cnidaria include the most venomous animals of the world. Among Cnidaria, Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) are ubiquitous, abundant, and often come into accidental contact with humans and, therefore, represent a threat for public health and safety. The venom of Scyphozoa is a complex mixture of bioactive substances-including thermolabile enzymes such as phospholipases, metalloproteinases, and, possibly, pore-forming proteins-and is only partially characterized. Scyphozoan stings may lead to local and systemic reactions via toxic and immunological mechanisms; some of these reactions may represent a medical emergency. However, the adoption of safe and efficacious first aid measures for jellyfish stings is hampered by the diffusion of folk remedies, anecdotal reports, and lack of consensus in the scientific literature. Species-specific differences may hinder the identification of treatments that work for all stings. However, rinsing the sting site with vinegar (5% acetic acid) and the application of heat (hot pack/immersion in hot water) or lidocaine appear to be substantiated by evidence. Controlled clinical trials or reliable models of envenomation are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of these approaches and identify possible species-specific exceptions. Knowledge of the precise composition of Scyphozoa venom may open the way to molecule-oriented therapies in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.