ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2018
The association between body mass index and health and economic outcomes in Brazil.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The clinical and economic burden of obesity in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- Obesity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Representative Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Association of hospitalization costs with demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle characteristics: Population-based study in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, 2003-2015.Health policy OPEN · 2026Article
- Clinical management, economic and quality-of-life impacts among consulting people with obesity in Brazil: results from a real-world survey.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Observational
- Experiences and overall impact reported by people living with obesity: results from a multinational study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- The return on investment for the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in China: a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Burden of metabolic syndrome on primary healthcare costs among older adults: A cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2024Article
- Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for 161 countries.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for eight countries.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Heterogeneous Impacts of Body Mass Index on Work Hours.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObesity is associated with significant physical, psychosocial and economic burden globally. In Brazil, almost 50% of the population is either overweight or obese. The prevalence of morbid obesity increased by 255% between 1975 and 2003. The current study sought to quantify the relationship between weight status and health outcomes.
methodsData from three waves (2011, 2012, and 2015) of the Brazil National Health and Wellness Survey, an Internet-based survey administered to a demographically diverse sample of Brazilian adults, were used. Body mass index category was calculated based on self-reported height and weight and respondents were categorized into five groups (normal, overweight, obese class I, obese class II, obese class III; n = 34,254). Multivariable analyses, controlling for sociodemographic variables and health history, tested the association with body mass index group and outcomes including health status (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12-Item Health Survey version 2/Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2), work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-General Health Questionnaire), and costs associated with work impairment (indirect costs), self-reported healthcare resource use and associated direct costs.
resultsOverall, 53.6% of the surveyed Brazilian population reported being overweight or obese. In virtually all the analyses, increasing body mass index group was associated with significant and progressively worse outcomes. Most notable was the finding that hospitalization costs were over twice as high (R$3141.84 vs. R$1349.60) and indirect costs were nearly double (R$1656.80 vs. R$884.15) for obesity class III than for normal body mass index respondents.
conclusionsObesity rates in Brazil are considerable and, from a patient and societal perspective, increasingly burdensome, thereby highlighting the need for stakeholders to prioritize strategies for weight management interventions.
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