ArticleBMJ open2018
Association of socioeconomic status with financial burden of disease among elderly patients with cardiovascular disease: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Financial Toxicity and Its Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Factors influencing self-care among older patients with heart failure and spouses in China: a mixed methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Reforming China's Rare Disease Security System: Risk Management Perspectives and a Dedicated Insurance Innovation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Education, urbanicity of residence, and cardiometabolic biomarkers among middle-aged and older populations in the US, Mexico, China, and India.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Healthcare costs attributable to abnormal weight in China: evidence based on a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- The effects of socioeconomic status on major adverse cardiovascular events: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Effects of multimorbidity patterns and socioeconomic status on catastrophic health expenditure of widowed older adults in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure for medicines in China and India.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Financial risk protection from out-of-pocket health spending in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the literature.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Temporal trends and variation in out-of-pocket expenditures and patient cost sharing: evidence from a Chinese national survey 2011-2015.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Does the medical insurance system play a real role in reducing catastrophic economic burden in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease in China? Implication for accurately targeting vulnerable characteristics.Globalization and health · 2021Article
- Medical costs and out-of-pocket expenditures associated with multimorbidity in China: quantile regression analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Article
- Rural and urban differences in health system performance among older Chinese adults: cross-sectional analysis of a national sample.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life of Hypertension Patients: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Education level and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction in China.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) within low-income and middle-income countries has reached epidemic proportions. However, the association between out-of-pocket (OOP) payment and socioeconomic status (SES) of patients with CVD is not well studied. We aimed to understand the financial burden among Chinese middle-aged and older patients with CVD, and whether there was an association with SES. SETTINGS: A nationally representative survey-
participantsOf the over 18 000 CHARLS respondents, eligible participants were those aged 45 years and over who had been previously diagnosed with CVD. OUTCOME MEASURES: Financial burden was measured by
resultsAmong CHARLS respondents, CVD prevalence increased from 14.7% in 2011 to 16.6% in 2013. Average annual CVD OOP payment increased from 5000 RMB (770 USD) to 6120 RMB (970 USD). Furthermore, CHE occurrence increased from 44.2% to 48.1%. Patients spent almost twice on outpatient as on inpatient services. Two of the three SES indicators (total household expenditure, occupation type) were found to be associated with CVD OOP payment amount, and the likelihood of CHE. Unemployed patients had a higher likelihood of CHE compared with agricultural workers. Rural-urban difference was associated with the likelihood of CHE in 2011 alone.
conclusionThe Chinese health system should use this health expenditure pattern among patients with CVD to create more equitable health insurance schemes that financially balance between outpatient and inpatient care, and provide better financial risk protection to patients with low SES.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.