ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2018
Myocarditis in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 990 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
990 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,482 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Summary of Case Reports.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myositis, myocarditis, and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: a systematic review and pooled analysis of individual cases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Troponin for surveillance of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and post-therapy cardiovascular risk stratification: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Angiogenesis Inhibitor-Based Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and global meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping the global landscape of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity: A quantitative and visualized bibliometric study (2016-2025).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis with myositis and/or myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome: A case series.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Global epidemiology of myocarditis: disparities in age, sex and geography.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Toxicity Across the Cancer Immunotherapy Spectrum: Mechanisms and Management in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T) Therapy.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: clinical and mechanistic insights.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Inhibitory receptor profiles for joint prediction of benefit and toxicity in immune checkpoint blockade.iScience · 2026Review
- Electrophysiologic Phenotype Outperforms Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction for Mortality Prediction in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Curative-intent lung resection after recovery from fulminant immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis during neoadjuvant therapy: a case report.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery cases · 2026Article
- Oncologic Benefits and Cardiovascular Risks of Pembrolizumab: Insights From a Nationwide Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- A serum proteomics-based predictive model for steroid-resistant immune checkpoint inhibitor associated myocarditis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Cardio-Onco-Immune Axis: immunopathological mechanisms in the cardiac microenvironment of checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Review
- Systemic Melanoma Therapy in Patients with Pre-Existing Heart Failure: An HF-Centered Decision Framework and Critical Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond β-Adrenergic Receptor Brake: Compartment-Selective GRK2 Programs from Heart Failure to Cardio-Oncology.Kinases and phosphatases · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular imaging with total-body PET.The British journal of radiology · 2026Review
930 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMyocarditis is an uncommon, but potentially fatal, toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Myocarditis after ICI has not been well characterized.
objectivesThe authors sought to understand the presentation and clinical course of ICI-associated myocarditis.
methodsAfter observation of sporadic ICI-associated myocarditis cases, the authors created a multicenter registry with 8 sites. From November 2013 to July 2017, there were 35 patients with ICI-associated myocarditis, who were compared to a random sample of 105 ICI-treated patients without myocarditis. Covariates of interest were extracted from medical records including the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, and hemodynamically significant complete heart block.
resultsThe prevalence of myocarditis was 1.14% with a median time of onset of 34 days after starting ICI (interquartile range: 21 to 75 days). Cases were 65 ± 13 years of age, 29% were female, and 54% had no other immune-related side effects. Relative to controls, combination ICI (34% vs. 2%; p < 0.001) and diabetes (34% vs. 13%; p = 0.01) were more common in cases. Over 102 days (interquartile range: 62 to 214 days) of median follow-up, 16 (46%) developed MACE; 38% of MACE occurred with normal ejection fraction. There was a 4-fold increased risk of MACE with troponin T of ≥1.5 ng/ml (hazard ratio: 4.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 10.9; p = 0.003). Steroids were administered in 89%, and lower steroids doses were associated with higher residual troponin and higher MACE rates.
conclusionsMyocarditis after ICI therapy may be more common than appreciated, occurs early after starting treatment, has a malignant course, and responds to higher steroid doses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.