Trial reportInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Design, Intervention Fidelity, and Behavioral Outcomes of a School-Based Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Cluster-Randomized Trial in Laos.
Trial report in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02342860 (Measuring the Impact of WASH in Schools in the Lao People's Democratic Republic), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Measuring the Impact of WASH in Schools in the Lao People's Democratic Republic
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of measures taken by governments to support hand hygiene in community settings: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Hand-washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Rinse-free hand wash for reducing absenteeism among preschool and school children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of hand-hygiene and environmental-disinfection interventions in settings with children.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools in Low-Income Countries: A Review of Evidence of Impact.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Improving Toilet Usability and Cleanliness in Public Schools in the Philippines Using a Packaged Operation and Maintenance Intervention.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme on children's independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits: a cluster-randomised trial.International journal of public health · 2020Trial
- The impact of an operation and management intervention on toilet usability in schools in the Philippines: a cluster randomised controlled trial.BMC public health · 2019Trial
- Impact of a school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene intervention on school absence, diarrhea, respiratory infection, and soil-transmitted helminths: results from the WASH HELPS cluster-randomized trial.Journal of global health · 2019Trial
- Stool Withholding at School Among Children in the Netherlands.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Conducting process evaluations of WASH interventions: a scoping review of design approaches and indicators in low- and middle-income countries.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Evaluating the outcomes of a school-based intervention on water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in urban slums of Nigeria: a qualitative evaluation based on implementation research outcome frameworks.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Stakeholder priorities for sustaining operations and maintenance of school sanitation facilities in Kampala City, Uganda.Discover public health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of the newly designed WASH implementation strategy on WASH practices, diarrheal diseases, respiratory illness, and absenteeism among ashram school children.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Hand Hygiene Roles, Challenges, and Intervention Feedback from School Staff: A Qualitative Analysis, Belize, 2022-2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- WASH and learn: a scoping review of health, education and gender equity outcomes of school-based water, sanitation and hygiene in low-income and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Strategies to promote uptake and sustainability of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions in basic education institutions in conflict settings: a scoping review of the Horn of Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Nongovernmental Organization Practitioners' Perspectives on the Challenges and Solutions to Changing Handwashing Behavior in Older Children: A Qualitative Study.Global health, science and practice · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence of the impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in schools (WinS) interventions on pupil absence and health is mixed. Few WinS evaluations rigorously report on output and outcome measures that allow for comparisons of effectiveness between interventions to be made, or for an understanding of why programs succeed. The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Health and Education in Laotian Primary Schools (WASH HELPS) study was a randomized controlled trial designed to measure the impact of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Laos WinS project on child health and education. We also measured the sustainability of intervention outputs and outcomes, and analyzed the effectiveness of group hygiene activities on behavior change and habit formation. Here, we present the design and intermediate results from this study. We found the WinS project improved the WASH environment in intervention schools; 87.8% of schools received the intervention per design. School-level adherence to outputs was lower; on average, schools met 61.4% of adherence-related criteria. The WinS project produced positive changes in pupils' school WASH behaviors, specifically increasing toilet use and daily group handwashing. Daily group hygiene activities are effective strategies to improve school WASH behaviors, but a complementary strategy needs to be concurrently promoted for effective and sustained individual handwashing practice at critical times.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.