ArticleJournal of neurology2018
Sex ratio in multiple sclerosis mortality over 65 years; an age-period-cohort analysis in Norway.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age and sex as key determinants of multiple sclerosis incidence in Spain: a comprehensive analysis using the global burden of disease database (1990-2019).Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis in Denmark (1950-2023): mean age, sex distribution, incidence and prevalence.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- BCG vaccination and multiple sclerosis risk: A Norwegian cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis from 1990 to 2019: Findings of global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Potential biological contributers to the sex difference in multiple sclerosis progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of the incidence of multiple sclerosis over twenty years in Lorraine, France.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Case Report: Antibodies to the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increasing female: male ratio in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been assigned to cohort effects, with females in more recent birth cohorts possibly being more exposed or vulnerable to environmental risk factors than males. We collected MS mortality data in Norway from 1951 to 2015 from The Norwegian Cause of Death registry. Age-Period-Cohort analysis was conducted using log-linear Poisson models, including sex interaction terms. MS was registered as the underlying, contributing or direct cause in 6060 deaths. MS associated mortality remained stable with a slight preponderance among males until after 1980, and have since increased preferentially among females. Throughout the study period the mean annual increase was 1.25% for females and 0.3% for males (p < 0.0001). Age-period-cohort analysis revealed limited evidence of cohort effects for the gender differences; the best fitting model only included gender-age and gender-period interaction terms. The period effect evened out for males in the last three decades but increased for females, especially among the oldest age-groups. In conclusion, the increased female: male mortality ratio in MS associated mortality is driven mainly by increased mortality among females in the three last decades, particularly in the older age groups. It is best explained by disproportional period effects, providing evidence of time-varying external factors including improved access to diagnosis among females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.