SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2018
Does vaginal delivery cause more damage to the pelvic floor than cesarean section as determined by 3D ultrasound evaluation? A systematic review.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy, labour and delivery as risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of Warm Acupuncture Therapy Combined with Kegel Exercise on Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women.International urogynecology journal · 2024Trial
- Health-related quality of life among Chinese primary care patients with different lower urinary tract symptoms: a latent class analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021Trial
- Chronic Maternal Pelvic Morbidity: A Neglected Tragedy: Where is Pelvic Maternal Morbidity in Maternal and Child Health? : Advocating for a Public Health Approach to Pelvic Floor Disorders Resulting from Pregnancy and Childbirth Trauma.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Clinical value of transperineal ultrasound in evaluating the effects of different delivery methods on the primipara pelvic floor structure and function.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in pregnant Korean women.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2024Article
- Relationship between urethral motion profile and parity assessed by translabial ultrasound imaging.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Evaluation and Comparison of Respiratory Muscular Strength, Functionality, and Pelvic Floor in the Immediate Postpartum of Normal and Cesarean Birth.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2023Article
- Establishment and validation of a risk prediction model for postpartum stress urinary incontinence based on pelvic floor ultrasound and clinical data.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- International Urogynecological Consultation (IUC): pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).International urogynecology journal · 2022Review
- Pelvic floor function and morphological abnormalities in primiparas with postpartum symptomatic stress urinary incontinence based on the type of delivery: a 1:1 matched case-control study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Study of Pelvic Floor Characteristics Before, During, and After Pregnancy in Nulliparous Women.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2022Observational
- Bladder Base Displacement during Abdominal Muscles Contraction and Functional Activities in Primiparous Women Assessed by Transabdominal Ultrasound: A Descriptive Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Pelvic floor assessment using magnetic resonance imaging after vaginal delivery and elective caesarean delivery.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
- The strategy for vaginal rejuvenation: COAnnals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound and conventional ultrasound in pelvic floor assessment after delivery.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Incontinent Rat Injured Urethra.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2020Article
- Atraumatic childbirth: is it a utopia?International urogynecology journal · 2020Article
- Childbirth and pelvic floor disorders.International urogynecology journal · 2020Article
- Impact of Vaginal Delivery on Pelvic Floor.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisPregnancy and delivery are well-established risk factors for pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), but the physiopathology, such as the delivery route, is not well understood. This study evaluated the impact of delivery route on the pelvic floor muscles via 3D ultrasound.
methodsThis review is registered in the PROSPERO database. The criteria for inclusion were prospective studies with 3D translabial ultrasound assessment in primigravida women during pregnancy and postpartum published in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 1980 and 2016. We excluded studies that did not include the topic of urogenital hiatus measurement and literature reviews. The MeSH terms were obstetric delivery, postpartum period, labor, parturition, three-dimensional images, ultrasonography, pelvic floor, and pelvic floor disorders.
resultsThe search retrieved 155 articles. After analysis, 6 articles were included. Four studies showed that vaginal delivery (VD) was associated with a larger hiatal area. One study associated the hiatal area with levator ani muscle (LAM) defects in VD. Four articles evaluated the bladder neck, 3 of which showed a significant increase in bladder neck mobility associated with VD and 1 showed decreased bladder neck elevation, not associated with the delivery mode; the first 3 articles all evaluated LAM injuries and showed an association between VD and LAM injury. Women who underwent VD presented defects of the puborectalis muscle.
conclusionsVaginal delivery was associated with a higher number of LAM injuries, puborectalis defects, increased bladder neck mobility, and enlargement of the hiatal area.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.