ArticleExperimental brain research2018
Stability of steady hand force production explored across spaces and methods of analysis.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measuring Unintentional Force Drift: Reliability, Number of Trials, and Age-Related Differences.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Functional changes in spinal circuitry in essential tremor revealed with analysis of intramuscle synergies.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Stability of performance in a hierarchical system during isometric force production and effects of visual feedback.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Unintentional force drifts in the lower extremities.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Synergic control in asymptomatic welders during multi-finger force exertion and load releasing while standing.Neurotoxicology · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in the Neural Control of Movements: Lessons for Functional Recovery.Physical therapy research · 2022Review
- Synergies at the level of motor units in single-finger and multi-finger tasks.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- Number of Trials Necessary to Apply Analysis Within the Framework of the Uncontrolled Manifold Hypothesis at Different Levels of Hierarchical Synergy Control.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Synergic control of action in levodopa-naïve Parkinson's disease patients: II. Multi-muscle synergies stabilizing vertical posture.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- What do people match when they try to match force? Analysis at the level of hypothetical control variables.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- Synergic control of action in levodopa-naïve Parkinson's disease patients: I. Multi-finger interaction and coordination.Experimental brain research · 2020Article
- Preparation to a quick whole-body action: control with referent body orientation and multi-muscle synergies.Experimental brain research · 2019Article
- Quantitative analysis of multi-element synergy stabilizing performance: comparison of three methods with respect to their use in clinical studies.Experimental brain research · 2019Article
- Individual preferences in motor coordination seen across the two hands: relations to movement stability and optimality.Experimental brain research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis and explored the reliability of several outcome variables across different spaces of analysis during a very simple four-finger accurate force production task. Fourteen healthy, young adults performed the accurate force production task with each hand on 3 days. Small spatial finger perturbations were generated by the "inverse piano" device three times per trial (lifting the fingers 1 cm/0.5 s and lowering them). The data were analyzed using the following main methods: (1) computation of indices of the structure of inter-trial variance and motor equivalence in the space of finger forces and finger modes, and (2) analysis of referent coordinates and apparent stiffness values for the hand. Maximal voluntary force and the index of enslaving (unintentional finger force production) showed good to excellent reliability. Strong synergies stabilizing total force were reflected in both structure of variance and motor equivalence indices. Variance within the UCM and the index of motor equivalent motion dropped over the trial duration and showed good to excellent reliability. Variance orthogonal to the UCM and the index of non-motor equivalent motion dropped over the 3 days and showed poor to moderate reliability. Referent coordinate and apparent stiffness indices co-varied strongly and both showed good reliability. In contrast, the computed index of force stabilization showed poor reliability. The findings are interpreted within the scheme of neural control with referent coordinates involving the hierarchy of two basic commands, the r-command and c-command. The data suggest natural drifts in the finger force space, particularly within the UCM. We interpret these drifts as reflections of a trade-off between stability and optimization of action. The implications of these findings for the UCM framework and future clinical applications are explored in the discussion. Indices of the structure of variance and motor equivalence show good reliability and can be recommended for applied studies.
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