ArticleCarcinogenesis2018
Application of the key characteristics of carcinogens in cancer hazard identification.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ten years of using key characteristics of human carcinogens to organize and evaluate mechanistic evidence in IARC Monographs on the identification of carcinogenic hazards to humans: Patterns and associations.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between Exposure to Organochlorine Chemicals and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies and Integration of Epidemiological Evidence.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Pooled it
- Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: An update of a systematic literature review.Mutation research. Reviews in mutation researchPooled it
- Systematic evaluation of the evidence base on ethylCurrent research in toxicology · 2026Review
- Assessment of the carcinogenic potential of automotive gasoline in humans based on mechanistic evidence.Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the potential carcinogenic hazard of diisononyl phthalate in humans via systematic integration of human, animal cancer studies, and mechanistic data.Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Bifenthrin Under Scrutiny: Revisiting Toxicological Evidence Amid Regulatory Gaps.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Review
- Trends, Dynamicity in Collaboration, and Impact on Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Cancer Research: A Scientometric Study.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Identifying Gene Predictors of Chemicals Linked With Breast Cancer: A Machine Learning Analysis of MCF7 Cellular Transcriptomic Screening Data.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2025Article
- Uncovering the Tumorigenic Blueprint of PFOS and PFOA Through Multi-Organ Transcriptomic Analysis of Biomarkers, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Mapping assays to the key characteristics of carcinogens to support decision-making.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2025Article
- Consensus on the key characteristics of metabolism disruptors.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- IARC Workshop on the Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Assessment of End Points for Evaluating Mechanistic Evidence of Carcinogenic Hazards.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Characterizing chlorotriazine effects in cancer-relevant high-throughput screening assays.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Systematic evaluation of the evidence base on methylCurrent research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Molecular and cell phenotype programs in oral epithelial cells directed by co-exposure to arsenic and smokeless tobacco.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Update of the scientific opinion on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly AvailableEnvironmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Potential mammary carcinogens used in food contact articles: implications for policy, enforcement, and prevention.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Article
- Effects of Copper or Zinc Organometallics on Cytotoxicity, DNA Damage and Epigenetic Changes in the HC-04 Human Liver Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smith et al. (Env. Health Perspect. 124: 713, 2016) identified 10 key characteristics (KCs), one or more of which are commonly exhibited by established human carcinogens. The KCs reflect the properties of a cancer-causing agent, such as 'is genotoxic,' 'is immunosuppressive' or 'modulates receptor-mediated effects,' and are distinct from the hallmarks of cancer, which are the properties of tumors. To assess feasibility and limitations of applying the KCs to diverse agents, methods and results of mechanistic data evaluations were compiled from eight recent IARC Monograph meetings. A systematic search, screening and evaluation procedure identified a broad literature encompassing multiple KCs for most (12/16) IARC Group 1 or 2A carcinogens identified in these meetings. Five carcinogens are genotoxic and induce oxidative stress, of which pentachlorophenol, hydrazine and malathion also showed additional KCs. Four others, including welding fumes, are immunosuppressive. The overall evaluation was upgraded to Group 2A based on mechanistic data for only two agents, tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachloroazobenzene. Both carcinogens modulate receptor-mediated effects in combination with other KCs. Fewer studies were identified for Group 2B or 3 agents, with the vast majority (17/18) showing only one or no KCs. Thus, an objective approach to identify and evaluate mechanistic studies pertinent to cancer revealed strong evidence for multiple KCs for most Group 1 or 2A carcinogens but also identified opportunities for improvement. Further development and mapping of toxicological and biomarker endpoints and pathways relevant to the KCs can advance the systematic search and evaluation of mechanistic data in carcinogen hazard identification.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.