ArticlePloS one2018
Relationship between race and community water and sewer service in North Carolina, USA.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Private Well Testing in Peri-Urban African-American Communities Lacking Access to Regulated Municipal Drinking Water: A Mental Models Approach to Risk Communication.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2022Trial
- Metals in tap water across child care and home environments: association between lead and early childhood executive function.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Estimating the impacts of recurrent and expanding coastal flooding on septic systems in Maryland's Chesapeake Bay.Climatic change · 2026Article
- The gap between tap water beliefs and preference for drinking from the tap: a cross-sectional study in Virginia, USA.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Effect of Community Water Service on Lead in Drinking Water in an Environmental Justice Community.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Assessment of sewer connectivity in the United States and its implications for equity in wastewater-based epidemiology.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Invited Perspective: Toxic Metals and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Generation of the Chemical and Social Stressors Integration Technique (CASS-IT) to identify areas of holistic public health concern: An application to North Carolina.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Article
- Analysis of the novel NCWELL database highlights two decades of co-occurrence of toxic metals in North Carolina private well water: Public health and environmental justice implications.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Early life lead exposure from private well water increases juvenile delinquency risk among US teens.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Approximating Community Water System Service Areas to Explore the Demographics of SDWA Compliance in Virginia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Approaches: Anthropological Contributions and Future Directions for Engineering.Environmental engineering science · 2021Article
- Geographies of insecure water access and the housing-water nexus in US cities.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Understanding the Relationship between Environmental Arsenic and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness among African-American and European-American Men in North Carolina.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Impacts of Exclusion From Municipal Water Service on Water Availability: A Case Study.New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS · 2020Article
- Children drinking private well water have higher blood lead than those with city water.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Strategies to Improve Private-Well Water Quality: A North Carolina Perspective.Environmental health perspectives · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous evidence has identified potential racial disparities in access to community water and sewer service in peri-urban areas adjacent to North Carolina municipalities. We performed the first quantitative, multi-county analysis of these disparities. Using publicly available data, we identified areas bordering municipalities and lacking community water and/or sewer service in 75 North Carolina counties. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between race and access to service in peri-urban areas, controlling for population density, median home value, urban status, and percent white in the adjacent municipality. In the peri-urban areas analyzed, 67% of the population lacked community sewer service, and 33% lacked community water service. In areas other than those with no black residents, odds of having community water service (p<0.01) or at least one of the two services (p<0.05) were highest for census blocks with a small proportion of black residents and lowest in 100% black census blocks, though this trend did not hold for access to community sewer service alone. For example, odds of community water service were 85% higher in areas that were greater than 0% but less than 22% black than in 100% black areas (p<0.001). Peri-urban census blocks without black populations had the lowest odds of community water service, community sewer service, and at least one of the two services, but this difference was only statistically significant for sewer. Peri-urban areas lacking service with no black residents were wealthier than 100% black areas and areas with any percent black greater than 0%. Findings suggest two unserved groups of differing racial and socioeconomic status: (1) lower-income black populations potentially excluded from municipal services during the era of legal racial segregation and (2) higher-income non-black populations. Findings also suggest greater racial disparities in community water than community sewer services statewide.
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Registered trials
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