Trial reportOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2018
Visual Acuity and Over-refraction in Myopic Children Fitted with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses.
Trial report in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Bifocal & Atropine in Myopia Study: Baseline Data and Methods.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2019Trial
- Visual performance with multifocal corneal gas-permeable contact lenses in young adults: A pilot study.Journal of optometryTrial
- Accuracy and precision of a sphero-cylindrical over-refraction app for smartphones.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- The effect of pupil size on visual performance with center-distance soft multifocal contact lenses.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2025Article
- Randomized Trial of Soft Contact Lenses with Novel Ring Focus for Controlling Myopia Progression.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Management: A Mini-Review.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2023Review
- IMI Prevention of Myopia and Its Progression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Review
- Higher-Order Aberrations and Axial Elongation in Myopic Children Treated With Orthokeratology.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
significancePractitioners fitting contact lenses for myopia control frequently question whether a myopic child can achieve good vision with a high-add multifocal. We demonstrate that visual acuity is not different than spectacles with a commercially available, center-distance soft multifocal contact lens (MFCL) (Biofinity Multifocal "D"; +2.50 D add). PURPOSE: To determine the spherical over-refraction (SOR) necessary to obtain best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) when fitting myopic children with a center-distance soft MFCL.
methodsChildren (n = 294) aged 7 to 11 years with myopia (spherical component) of -0.75 to -5.00 diopters (D) (inclusive) and 1.00 D cylinder or less (corneal plane) were fitted bilaterally with +2.50 D add Biofinity "D" MFCLs. The initial MFCL power was the spherical equivalent of a standardized subjective refraction, rounded to the nearest 0.25 D step (corneal plane). An SOR was performed monocularly (each eye) to achieve BCVA. Binocular, high-contrast logMAR acuity was measured with manifest spectacle correction and MFCLs with over-refraction. Photopic pupil size was measured with a pupilometer.
resultsThe mean (±SD) age was 10.3 ± 1.2 years, and the mean (±SD) SOR needed to achieve BCVA was OD: -0.61 ± 0.24 D/OS: -0.58 ± 0.27 D. There was no difference in binocular high-contrast visual acuity (logMAR) between spectacles (-0.01 ± 0.06) and best-corrected MFCLs (-0.01 ± 0.07) (P = .59). The mean (±SD) photopic pupil size (5.4 ± 0.7 mm) was not correlated with best MFCL correction or the over-refraction magnitude (both P ≥ .09).
conclusionsChildren achieved BCVA with +2.50 D add MFCLs that was not different than with spectacles. Children typically required an over-refraction of -0.50 to -0.75 D to achieve BCVA. With a careful over-refraction, these +2.50 D add MFCLs provide good distance acuity, making them viable candidates for myopia control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.