ArticleVirology2018
Characterization of murine antibody responses to vaccinia virus envelope protein A14 reveals an immunodominant antigen lacking of effective neutralization targets.
Article in Virology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monoclonal Antibodies in Light of Mpox Outbreak: Current Research, Therapeutic Targets, and Animal Models.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Which Proteins? The Challenge of Identifying the Protective Antigens for Next-Generation Capripoxvirus Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Design, evaluation, and immune simulation of potentially universal multi-epitope mpox vaccine candidate: focus on DNA vaccine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The vaccinia virus based Sementis Copenhagen Vector vaccine against Zika and chikungunya is immunogenic in non-human primates.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) A14 is a major envelope protein and a dominant antibody target in the smallpox vaccine. However, the role of anti-A14 antibodies in immunity against orthopoxviruses is unclear. Here, we characterized 22 A14 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from two mice immunized with VACV. Epitope mapping showed that 21 mAbs targeted the C-terminal hydrophilic region, while one mAb recognized the middle region predicted to be across the viral envelope from the C-terminus. However, none of the mAbs bound to virions in studies with electron microscopy. Interestingly, some mAbs showed low VACV neutralization activities in the presence of complement and provided protection to SCID mice challenged with VACV ACAM2000. Our data showed that, although A14 is an immunodominant antigen in smallpox vaccine, its B cell epitopes are either enclosed within the virions or are inaccessible on virion surface. Anti-A14 antibodies, however, could contribute to protection against VACV through a complement-dependent pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.