ArticlePloS one2018
Survival of viral pathogens in animal feed ingredients under transboundary shipping models.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 109 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 199 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses: Origins, Global Spread, Transmission Pathways and Pathogenesis.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Comparative epidemiology and preparedness for African swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in four major Asian swine industries.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Thermal Inactivation of Multiple Veterinary-Relevant Viruses: Effects of Environmental Conditions, Surface Type, and Organic Matrix.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Range Modeling and Surveillance ofEcology and evolution · 2025Article
- Investigating the role of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and biting midges of the genus Culicoides as potential mechanical vectors of African swine fever virus in Lithuania, Poland and Romania.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Antiviral Activity of Termin-8 and Finio Against a Surrogate ASFV-like Algal Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Transboundary risk of African swine fever (ASF): Detection of ASF virus genotype II in pork products carried by international travelers to Indonesia.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Assessing Virus Survival in African Swine Fever Virus-Contaminated Materials-Implications for Indirect Virus Transmission.Viruses · 2025Article
- Development of a water-dispersible antimicrobial lipid mixture to inhibit African swine fever virus and other enveloped viruses.Virus research · 2025Article
- Causal inference study of PRRSV-MLV vaccine dosing effects on wean-to-finish performance during outbreaks.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Mitigation Strategies for African Swine Fever Virus Biosecurity: From Virus Inactivation to Pig Health.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- Development of a novel p72 gene-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid detection of African swine fever virus in animal feed.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Antiviral Activity of Plant-Based Additives Against African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Feed Ingredients.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- A Review of Swine Breeding Herd Biosecurity in the United States to Prevent Virus Entry Using Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus as a Model Pathogen.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Risk Assessments and Risk Mitigation to Prevent the Introduction of African Swine Fever into the Danish Pig Population.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Biosecurity Insights from the United States Swine Health Improvement Plan: Analyzing Data to Enhance Industry Practices.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Survival of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in the Environment.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Antiviral activity of SAFERFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Evaluation of formaldehyde when complete feed and soybean meal were inoculated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and Seneca Valley virus 1.Translational animal science · 2024Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
22 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate survival of important viral pathogens of livestock in animal feed ingredients imported daily into the United States under simulated transboundary conditions. Eleven viruses were selected based on global significance and impact to the livestock industry, including Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV), Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), Influenza A Virus of Swine (IAV-S), Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Nipah Virus (NiV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), Swine Vesicular Disease Virus (SVDV), Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus (VESV). Surrogate viruses with similar genetic and physical properties were used for 6 viruses. Surrogates belonged to the same virus families as target pathogens, and included Senecavirus A (SVA) for FMDV, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) for CSFV, Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BHV-1) for PRV, Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) for NiV, Porcine Sapelovirus (PSV) for SVDV and Feline Calicivirus (FCV) for VESV. For the remaining target viruses, actual pathogens were used. Virus survival was evaluated using Trans-Pacific or Trans-Atlantic transboundary models involving representative feed ingredients, transport times and environmental conditions, with samples tested by PCR, VI and/or swine bioassay. SVA (representing FMDV), FCV (representing VESV), BHV-1 (representing PRV), PRRSV, PSV (representing SVDV), ASFV and PCV2 maintained infectivity during transport, while BVDV (representing CSFV), VSV, CDV (representing NiV) and IAV-S did not. Notably, more viruses survived in conventional soybean meal, lysine hydrochloride, choline chloride, vitamin D and pork sausage casings. These results support published data on transboundary risk of PEDV in feed, demonstrate survival of certain viruses in specific feed ingredients ("high-risk combinations") under conditions simulating transport between continents and provide further evidence that contaminated feed ingredients may represent a risk for transport of pathogens at domestic and global levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.