ArticlePloS one2018
Critical physiological factors influencing the outcome of antimicrobial testing according to ISO 22196 / JIS Z 2801.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of Antimicrobial Coatings by Incorporating Curcumin and Silver-Based Additive into a Commercial Water-Based Paint.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing non-porous antimicrobial surfaces against bacteria, phages and fungi: a comparative study under varied normative conditions using glass as a benchmark for microbial persistence.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Test parameter selection affects the perceived antibacterial efficacy of a contact-killing coating developed to prevent prosthetic joint infection.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Real-world testing of the durability claims of a commercially available spray-on surface biocide.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Polymeric Composite Thin Films Deposited by Laser Techniques for Antimicrobial Applications-A Short Overview.Polymers · 2025Review
- Systematic study on the evaluation method of surface antibacterial activity based on the fluorescent observation of bacterial growth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antibacterial Materials: Influence of the Type and Conditions of Biological Tests on the Measured Antibacterial Activity.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2024Article
- Evaluation of antibacterial activity and influencing factors of normal and nanostructured copper-based materials.Heliyon · 2024Article
- On Antimicrobial Polymers: Development, Mechanism of Action, International Testing Procedures, and Applications.Polymers · 2024Review
- Sensor system for analysis of biofilm sensitivity to ampicillin.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial non-porous surfaces: a comparison of the standards ISO 22196:2011 and the recently published ISO 7581:2023.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Antibacterial activity of solid surfaces is critically dependent on relative humidity, inoculum volume, and organic soiling.FEMS microbes · 2024Article
- Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steels for Fracture Management Devices.Virtual and physical prototyping · 2024Article
- A new method for testing non-porous surfaces for their antimicrobial efficacy using an aerosol-generating spray chamber.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Demonstrating the In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial Activity of Oxide Mineral Microspheres: An Innovative Technology to Be Incorporated into Porous and Nonporous Materials.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Triclosan-Containing Polymer Composite: Aging Effects of pH, UV, and Sunlight Exposure.Polymers · 2023Article
- Natural Active Ingredients for Poly (Lactic Acid)-Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Influence of 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer Materials on Orthodontic Friction and Attachment of Oral Bacteria.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bactericidal materials gained interest in the health care sector as they are capable of preventing material surfaces from microbial colonization and subsequent spread of infections. However, commercialization of antimicrobial materials requires proof of their efficacy, which is usually done using in vitro methods. The ISO 22196 standard (Japanese test method JIS Z 2801) is a method for measuring the antibacterial activity of daily goods. As it was found reliable for testing the biocidal activity of antimicrobially active materials and surface coatings most of the laboratories participating in this study used this protocol. Therefore, a round robin test for evaluating antimicrobially active biomaterials had to be established. To our knowledge, this is the first report on inaugurating a round robin test for the ISO 22196 / JIS Z 2801. The first round of testing showed that analyses in the different laboratories yielded different results, especially for materials with intermediate antibacterial effects distinctly different efficacies were noted. Scrutinizing the protocols used by the different participants and identifying the factors influencing the test outcomes the approach was unified. Four critical factors influencing the outcome of antibacterial testing were identified in a series of experiments: (1) incubation time, (2) bacteria starting concentration, (3) physiological state of bacteria (stationary or exponential phase of growth), and (4) nutrient concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first time these parameters have been analyzed for their effect on the outcome of testing according to ISO 22196 / JIS Z 2801. In conclusion, to enable assessment of the results obtained it is necessary to evaluate these single parameters in the test protocol carefully. Furthermore, uniform and robust definitions of the terms antibacterial efficacy / activity, bacteriostatic effects, and bactericidal action need to be agreed upon to simplify communication of results and also regulate expectations regarding antimicrobial tests, outcomes, and materials.
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