ArticleFrontiers in immunology2018
Immunotopographical Differences of Human Skin.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identification of Biomarkers and Critical Evaluation of Biomarker Validation in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review.JAMA dermatology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of tumor-associated macrophages in sporadic and Xeroderma Pigmentosum-related cutaneous melanoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Histochemical study of cingulin and CD34 in the skin of a stray Dog.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Reanalysis of the immunological characteristics of scalp psoriasis: a cross-sectional study using Olink proteomics.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Skin phenotype diversity across populations: from skin morphology to molecular phenotype.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Revolutionizing the understanding of acupoint biology and acupuncture mechanisms through spatial omics: current perspectives and future directions.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Topographical variations in the skin barrier and their role in disease pathogenesis.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Review
- The Sebaceous Gland: A Key Player in the Balance Between Homeostasis and Inflammatory Skin Diseases.Cells · 2025Review
- The Inflammatory Landscape of a Whole-Tissue Explant Model of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Article
- Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces IL-4/IL-13 from T cells to promote sebum secretion and adipose loss.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Are the Cutaneous Microbiota a Guardian of the Skin's Physical Barrier? The Intricate Relationship between Skin Microbes and Barrier Integrity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Gender Differences in Post-Operative Human Skin.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Peptide Loss, Except for LL-37, is not Characteristic of Atopic Dermatitis.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2023Article
- The Skin Microbiome: Current Landscape and Future Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- New Data on the Features of Skin Barrier in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The case for considering volar skin in a "separate status" for wound healing.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Regional Differences in the Permeability Barrier of the Skin-Implications in Acantholytic Skin Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunological barrier of the healthy skin is considered to be unified on the whole body surface-however, recent indirect findings have challenged this dogma since microbial and chemical milieu (e.g., sebum, sweat, and pH) exhibit remarkable differences on topographically distinct skin areas. Therefore, in the present study, we performed whole transcriptomic and subsequent pathway analyses to assess differences between sebaceous gland rich (SGR) and sebaceous gland poor (SGP) regions. Here, we provide the first evidence that different skin regions exhibit a characteristic innate and adaptive immune and barrier milieu as we could detect significantly increased chemokine (CCL2, 3, 19, 20, 23, 24) and antimicrobial peptide (S100A7, A8, A9, lipocalin, β-defensin-2) expression, altered barrier (keratin 17, 79) functions, and a non-inflammatory Th17/IL-17 dominance in SGR skin compared to SGP. Regarding pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, TNF-α), similarly low levels were detected in both regions. Our data may explain the characteristic topographical localization of some immune-mediated and autoimmune skin disorders and we also propose that the term "healthy skin control sample," widely used in experimental Dermatology, should only be accepted if researchers carefully specify the exact region of the healthy skin (along with the site of the diseased sample).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.