ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2018
Combining Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy for Cancer Treatment: Current Challenges and Future Directions.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 205 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II, Randomised Study of Nivolumab as Consolidation Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced, Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Stage III) Who Have Not Progressed Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Nivolumab and Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy
Evaluating Anlotinib Combined With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Consolidation Immunotherapy Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Consolidation Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Phase II Clinical Trial
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Plus Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Consolidative Immunotherapy Compared With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Consolidative Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Phase III Controlled Study
A Single-Arm, Single-Center, Phase II Exploratory Clinical Study of Serplulimab Combined With Decitabine Plus CAPOX as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies in the treatment of spinal column tumors: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy, and safety.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- How Immunotherapy Modified the Therapeutic Scenario of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Bridging Radiotherapy to Immunotherapy: The IFN-JAK-STAT Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Targeting tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future prospects.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- CD8 immunoPET imaging to stratify response and guide combination immunotherapy and radiation in triple negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Cadonilimab Plus Lenvatinib Combined with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Conversion Therapy in Unresectable or Potentially Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Study Protocol.Current medical science · 2026Article
- PD-1 inhibitor improves radiosensitivity by tumor vessel normalization.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Replication Stress in Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities for Radiosensitization.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibition in bone metastases: lesion response heterogeneity, the osteoimmune niche, and microenvironment-directed therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Non-surgical Synergistic Interventions for the Treatment of Skin Cancer.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Targeting the Neuro-Immune Axis in Next-Generation Oncology: Discovery and Validation of βOncology research · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in tumor microenvironment for radiotherapy: friend or foe?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Oncological Biomarker Framework Guiding Precision Medicine.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Evolving treatment strategies in meningioma: from traditional approaches to emerging therapies.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Favorable response to nivolumab combined with radiotherapy for retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma.International cancer conference journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Dynamic Changes in Lymphocyte Subsets and Inflammation-Immune-Related Proteins in Patients with Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma before and after Radioactive Iodine Therapy.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since the approval of anti-CTLA4 therapy (ipilimumab) for late-stage melanoma in 2011, the development of anticancer immunotherapy agents has thrived. The success of many immune-checkpoint inhibitors has drastically changed the landscape of cancer treatment. For some types of cancer, monotherapy for targeting immune checkpoint pathways has proven more effective than traditional therapies, and combining immunotherapy with current treatment strategies may yield even better outcomes. Numerous preclinical studies have suggested that combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy could be a promising strategy for synergistic enhancement of treatment efficacy. Radiation delivered to the tumor site affects both tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells. Radiation-induced cancer cell damage exposes tumor-specific antigens that make them visible to immune surveillance and promotes the priming and activation of cytotoxic T cells. Radiation-induced modulation of the tumor microenvironment may also facilitate the recruitment and infiltration of immune cells. This unique relationship is the rationale for combining radiation with immune checkpoint blockade. Enhanced tumor recognition and immune cell targeting with checkpoint blockade may unleash the immune system to eliminate the cancer cells. However, challenges remain to be addressed to maximize the efficacy of this promising combination. Here we summarize the mechanisms of radiation and immune system interaction, and we discuss current challenges in radiation and immune checkpoint blockade therapy and possible future approaches to boost this combination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.