ArticleScientific reports2018
Modelling 3D craniofacial growth trajectories for population comparison and classification illustrated using sex-differences.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05983159 (A Modular Open Label, Signal Seeking, Phase II Trial of Targeted Therapies for Patients With Slow-Flow or Fast-Flow Vascular Malformations), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Modular Open Label, Signal Seeking, Phase II Trial of Targeted Therapies for Patients With Slow-Flow or Fast-Flow Vascular Malformations (TARGET-VM)
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Transverse Growth of Facial Soft Tissues: A Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Facial Growth Study.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Vertical Growth of Facial Soft Tissues: A Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Facial Growth Study.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Craniofacial size in individuals with supernumerary teeth: A multicenter geometric morphometric study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Quantification and visualization of 3D facial aging in individuals of European ancestry.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Measuring sexual dimorphism in human faces.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Age-related changes in the parotid gland: a computed tomography-based radiomics study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Quantification of Craniofacial Growth Pattern Based on Deep Learning.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Differences in demographic, etiologic, and clinical features between pure and impure orbital fractures.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Interplay of polymorphisms in sex hormone receptors and facial sexual differentiation in shaping prosocial behavior.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation of growth and development period according to spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion stages in cone-beam computed tomography with ImageJ program.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Geometric Morphometric Characterization of Facial Sexual Dimorphism in Juveniles.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Charting facial growth and development for Bantu Africans: Central tendencies, variational properties and sexual dimorphisms.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Facial growth and development trajectories based on three-dimensional images: geometric morphometrics with a deformation perspective.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Joint multi-ancestry and admixed GWAS reveals the complex genetics behind human cranial vault shape.Nature communications · 2023Review
- Using data-driven phenotyping to investigate the impact of sex on 3D human facial surface morphology.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- The Facial Characteristics of Individuals with Posterior Crossbite: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association between prenatal alcohol exposure and children's facial shape: a prospective population-based cohort study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Decoding the Human Face: Progress and Challenges in Understanding the Genetics of Craniofacial Morphology.Annual review of genomics and human genetics · 2022Review
- What's Shape Got to Do With It? Examining the Relationship Between Facial Shape and Orofacial Clefting.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many disorders present with characteristic abnormalities of the craniofacial complex. Precise descriptions of how and when these abnormalities emerge and change during childhood and adolescence can inform our understanding of their underlying pathology and facilitate diagnosis from craniofacial shape. In this paper we develop a framework for analysing how anatomical differences between populations emerge and change over time, and for binary group classification that adapts to the age of each participant. As a proxy for a disease-control comparison we use a database of 3D photographs of normally developing boys and girls to examine emerging sex-differences. Essentially we define 3D craniofacial 'growth curves' for each sex. Differences in the forehead, upper lip, chin and nose emerge primarily from different growth rates between the groups, whereas differences in the buccal region involve different growth directions. Differences in the forehead, buccal region and chin are evident before puberty, challenging the view that sex differences result from pubertal hormone levels. Classification accuracy was best for older children. This paper represents a significant methodological advance for the study of facial differences between growing populations and comprehensively describes developing craniofacial sex differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.