ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2018
A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 180 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 347 citations in OpenAlex.
- BRWD1 directs B cell epigenetic states required for germinal center initiation, maintenance and function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Non-coding DNA dynamics and its roles as a physical barrier in genome safeguarding across early development and evolution.Heredity · 2026Review
- B Cell Deficiency Impairs Collateral Artery Growth by Influencing Early and Late Regenerative Inflammation.Cells · 2026Article
- Loss of Major Histocompatibility Complex I and II Function in the Genome of Glacier Lanternfish Provides Insight Into Evolution of Vertebrate Immune Systems.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- The molecular evolution of vertebrate organs.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Review
- Pancreatic Lymphatics in Health and Disease: Evolution, Embryology, and Neural Control.Lymphatics · 2026Article
- The epidermal ecotone: a proposed model system for marine viral ecology at the animal-environmental interface.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Mef2d regulates mutually exclusive expression of IgZ and IgM isotypes through epigenetic modulation in a zebrafish model.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- "Double-duty" dendritic cells in Xenopus laevis: Early vertebrate splenic APCs resemble conventional dendritic cells and limit native antigen presentation to B cells during a humoral response.Molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Explosive cytotoxicity of 'ruptoblasts' bridges hormonal surveillance and immune defense.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Integrative Genomics Refines Tissues, Candidate Genes and Putative Regulatory Links Involved in the Humic Adaptation of Keystone Freshwater Fish.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Divergent B-cell repertoire remodelling by mRNA, DNA and live attenuated vaccines in fish.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Chimeric Immunoglobulin and human Immunoglobulin M structures provide insights on joining-chain independent assembly and function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Origin of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors: A candidate gene for invasion by the RAG transposon.Science advances · 2025Article
- The Quest for Antibodies and Other Acquired Immune Receptors: A Historical Perspective.International journal of immunogenetics · 2025Review
- Nanobody based immunoassay for detection of aquatic virus: Giant salamander iridovirus.Analytica chimica acta · 2025Article
- Stepwise neofunctionalization of the NF-κB family member Rel during vertebrate evolution.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin gene loci structure and diversity of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides).BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Different Species of Bats: Genomics, Transcriptome, and Immune Repertoire.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The adaptive immune system arose 500 million years ago in ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates. Classically, the adaptive immune system has been defined by the presence of lymphocytes expressing recombination-activating gene (RAG)-dependent antigen receptors and the MHC. These features are found in all jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous and bony fish, amphibians and reptiles and are most likely also found in the oldest class of jawed vertebrates, the extinct placoderms. However, with the discovery of an adaptive immune system in jawless fish based on an entirely different set of antigen receptors - the variable lymphocyte receptors - the divergence of T and B cells, and perhaps innate-like lymphocytes, goes back to the origin of all vertebrates. This Review explores how recent developments in comparative immunology have furthered our understanding of the origins and function of the adaptive immune system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.