ArticleCarcinogenesis2018
The transformics assay: first steps for the development of an integrated approach to investigate the malignant cell transformation in vitro.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Increased amounts of cell-free DNA released from a culture with a high content of cancer stem cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Assessment of the carcinogenic potential of particulate matter generated from 3D printing devices in Balb/c 3T3-1-1 cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Key characteristics of carcinogens meet hallmarks for prevention-cutting the Gordian knot.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- In Vitro Approaches to Determine the Potential Carcinogenic Risk of Environmental Pollutants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Cell Transformation Assay: A Historical Assessment of Current Knowledge of Applications in an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment for Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Disease Animal Models for Cancer Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Key aspects for conception and construction of co-culture models of tumor-stroma interactions.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Analyses of Transcriptomics Cell Signalling for Pre-Screening Applications in the Integrated Approach for Testing and Assessment of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Interrogation of Cell Transformation In Vitro: The Transformics Assay as an Exemplar of Oncotransformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Gene Expression over Time during Cell Transformation Due to Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Treatment of Bhas 42 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Secretive Liaison of Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2. A Hypothesis and Theory Investigation.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The development of alternative methods to animal testing is a priority in the context of regulatory toxicology. Carcinogenesis is a field where the demand for alternative methods is particularly high. The standard rodent carcinogenicity bioassay requires a large use of animals, high costs, prolonged duration and shows several limitations, which can affect the comprehension of the human relevance of animal carcinogenesis. The cell transformation assay (CTA) has long been debated as a possible in vitro test to study carcinogenesis. This assay provides an easily detectable endpoint of oncotransformation, which can be used to anchor the exposure to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. However, the current protocols do not provide information on either molecular key events supporting the carcinogenesis process, nor the mechanism of action of the test chemicals. In order to improve the use of this assay in the integrated testing strategy for carcinogenesis, we developed the transformics method, which combines the CTA and transcriptomics, to highlight the molecular steps leading to in vitro malignant transformation. We studied 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA), a genotoxic chemical able to induce in vitro cell transformation, at both transforming and subtransforming concentrations in BALB/c 3T3 cells and evaluated the gene modulation at critical steps of the experimental protocol. The results gave evidence for the potential key role of the immune system and the possible involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway as the initial steps of the in vitro transformation process induced by 3-MCA, suggesting that the initiating events are related to non-genotoxic mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.