ReviewParasite (Paris, France)2018
Assessing viability and infectivity of foodborne and waterborne stages (cysts/oocysts) of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii: a review of methods.
Review in Parasite (Paris, France), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular Characterization and Zoonotic Potential ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Analysis of Reported Cases ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Role of Nanomedicine for Targeted Drug Delivery in Livestock: Future Prospective.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Cryptosporidium parvum inactivation from short durations of treatment with ozonated water produced by an electrolytic generation system.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- A Pumpless and Tubeless Microfluidic Device Enables Extended In Vitro Development ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba spp. infecting domestic and feral/stray cats in Jordan.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Detection of IgG Anti-Giardia duodenalis Antibodies in Sera by Indirect Immunofluorescence and Western Blotting Assays.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Surrogates of foodborne and waterborne protozoan parasites: A review.Food and waterborne parasitology · 2023Review
- Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Potentially ZoonoticAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The Medical Relevance ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Clinical Performance of Lateral Flow Assay forBiomedicines · 2023Article
- Molecular Identification of ProtozoanLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2022Article
- Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Cyst detection and viability assessment ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2022Article
- Contamination of Soil, Water, Fresh Produce, and Bivalve Mollusks withMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Standardization of molecular techniques for the detection and characterization of intestinal protozoa and other pathogens in humans.The journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Challenges of pathogen inactivation in animal manure through anaerobic digestion: a short review.Bioengineered · 2022Review
- RAA-Cas12a-Tg: A Nucleic Acid Detection System forMicroorganisms · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are protozoan parasites that have been highlighted as emerging foodborne pathogens by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. According to the European Food Safety Authority, 4786 foodborne and waterborne outbreaks were reported in Europe in 2016, of which 0.4% were attributed to parasites including Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Trichinella. Until 2016, no standardized methods were available to detect Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma (oo)cysts in food. Therefore, no regulation exists regarding these biohazards. Nevertheless, considering their low infective dose, ingestion of foodstuffs contaminated by low quantities of these three parasites can lead to human infection. To evaluate the risk of protozoan parasites in food, efforts must be made towards exposure assessment to estimate the contamination along the food chain, from raw products to consumers. This requires determining: (i) the occurrence of infective protozoan (oo)cysts in foods, and (ii) the efficacy of control measures to eliminate this contamination. In order to conduct such assessments, methods for identification of viable (i.e. live) and infective parasites are required. This review describes the methods currently available to evaluate infectivity and viability of G. duodenalis cysts, Cryptosporidium spp. and T. gondii oocysts, and their potential for application in exposure assessment to determine the presence of the infective protozoa and/or to characterize the efficacy of control measures. Advantages and limits of each method are highlighted and an analytical strategy is proposed to assess exposure to these protozoa.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.