SynthesisInternational urogynecology journal2018
Urinary incontinence in female athletes: a systematic review.
Synthesis in International urogynecology journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscles Training on Symptoms, Bother and Amount of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Female Gymnasts, Team Gymnasts and Cheerleaders. An Assessor Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of Adductor Strengthening and Pelvic Floor Muscle Strengthening Exercises on Stress Incontinence in Gym Females
Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscles Training on Symptoms, Bother and Amount of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Female CrossFit and Functional Fitness Exercisers. An Assessor Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Musculoskeletal Injuries, Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions and Menstrual Irregularities in Norwegian Rhythmic Gymnasts and Dancers - Observational and Cluster Randomized Controlled Studies
Does Hip Strength Impact Active Females Rate of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction?
Does a 10-minute Trampoline Protocol Induce Urine Leakage or Changes in Pelvic Morphometry Among Females Who Report That They do Not Experience Symptoms of Urinary Incontinence?
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urinary Incontinence in Women Athletes: Umbrella Review and Meta-analysis of Sport-Related Factors.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Influence of Powerlifting and Weightlifting on Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Systematic Literature Review.International urogynecology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pelvic floor muscle training with feedback or biofeedback for urinary incontinence in women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Elite female athletes' experiences of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction: A systematic review.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Interventions in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports healthPooled it
- eHealth educational intervention: effects of an online video program in prevention of the pelvic women's health-a non-randomized experimental study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Trial
- The Effectiveness of Adding Transvaginal Radiofrequency to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for 6 Weeks in Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence. A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial.International urogynecology journal · 2024Trial
- Effects of minimalist shoes on pelvic floor activity in nulliparous women during running at different velocities: a randomized cross-over clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Ultrasound-Based Morphofunctional Assessment of the Transversus Abdominis and Urinary Incontinence in Female Rugby Players.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Pelvic Floor Distress and Sexual Function Across Self-Reported Primary Exercise Modalities in Physically Active Nulliparous Women.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pelvic floor symptoms in 746 female field hockey players in Australia. A retrospective survey.JSAMS plus · 2026Article
- The Posterior Urethrovesical Angle in Continent and Incontinent Women Before and After a Treadmill Run.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTSs) in Elite Female and Male Athletes: Prevalence and Impact on Performance-A Cross-Sectional Study Using the STROBE-SIIS (Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance) Reporting Guidelines.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Creation and Validation of a Comprehensive Instrument to Assess UI in Female Athletes and Active Women.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Pelvic floor morphofunctional characteristics in female rugby players beyond the tackle. Pelvic floor muscles in high-impact sports.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Does a Linear Array of Pressure Sensors Placed within the Vagina Really Measure the Ability of the Pelvic Floor to Respond to Increases in Intra-abdominal Pressure During High-Impact Activities?International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Urinary Incontinence in Female Weightlifters.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between pelvic floor care practices and symptoms in female track and field athletes: a cross-sectional study.Gynecology and pelvic medicine · 2026Article
- Triathletes and Urinary Incontinence: An Investigation of Prevalence and Associated Factors.Neurourology and urodynamics · 2025Article
- Cough-Induced Contraction Response Time and Strength of the Pelvic Floor Muscles Between Women with and Without Stress Urinary Incontinence.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisPeople are increasingly aware of healthy lifestyles. Extenuating practice can injure the pelvic floor. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition in women whether they exercise professionally or not. The most common symptom is stress UI. It is reported in a large variety of sports and may interfere with everyday life or training, leading athletes to change or compromise their performance or risk compromising it. We aimed to assess the prevalence of UI in female athletes and to determine whether the type of sport might also influence UI.
methodsA systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS up to 23 January 2017. The search strategy included the keywords pelvic floor disorders, urinary incontinence, athletes, and sports. The inclusion criterion was studies of women who performed any kind of sport with a prevalence of UI. The subjects were female, with no restriction for age, sport modality, or frequency of training. The outcome was prevalence of UI.
resultsThe search identified 385 studies, 22 of which met the methodologic criteria for complete analysis. In this review, 7507 women aged 12 to 69 years were included. Only five studies compared physically active women to controls. Every study included high or moderate impact activities involving jumping, fast running, and rotational movements. In total, 17 sport modalities were analyzed. The prevalence of UI varied from 5.56% in low-impact activity to 80% in trampolining. In athletes, the prevalence of incontinence ranged from 10.88% to 80%, showing that the amount of training influences UI symptoms. High-impact activities showed a 1.9-fold prevalence over medium-impact activities and 4,59-fold prevalence over impact activities. Factors such as hormone use, smoking, or menopausal status could not be assessed since they were not detailed in most of the studies.
conclusionThese data suggest that sports practice increases the prevalence of UI and that the type of activity performed by women also has a bearing on the disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.