ArticleBiomedical optics express2018
Raman spectroscopy combined with a support vector machine for differentiating between feeding male and female infants mother's milk.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality Analysis and Detection of Adulterants and Contaminations in Milk/Milk Powder by Raman Spectroscopy.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Fluorescence Guided Raman Spectroscopy enables the training of robust support vector machines for the detection of tumour marker proteins.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- First Trimester Prediction of Preterm Birth in Patient Plasma with Machine-Learning-Guided Raman Spectroscopy and Metabolomics.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the changes in human milk lipid composition and conformational state with Raman spectroscopy during a breastfeed.Biomedical optics express · 2021Article
- Qualitative and quantitative vibrational spectroscopic analysis of macronutrients in breast milk.Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy · 2021Article
- Comparison of Chemometric Problems in Food Analysis Using Non-Linear Methods.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Dependency of the optical scattering properties of human milk on casein content and common sample preparation methods.Journal of biomedical optics · 2020Article
- Optical properties of human milk.Biomedical optics express · 2019Article
- Demonstrating the application of Raman spectroscopy together with chemometric technique for screening of asthma disease.Biomedical optics express · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study presents differentiation in milk samples of mother's feeding male and female infants using Raman spectroscopy combined with a support vector machine (SVM). Major differences have been observed in the Raman spectra of both types of milk based on their chemical compositions. Overall, it has been found that milk samples of mother's having a female infant are richer in fatty acids, phospholipids, and tryptophan. In contrast, milk samples of mother's having a male infant contain more carotenoids and saccharides. Principal component analysis and SVM further highlighted the differences between the two groups on the basis of differentiating features obtained from their Raman spectra. The SVM model with two different kernels, i.e. polynomial kernel function (order-2) and Gaussian radial basis function (RBF sigma-2), are used for gender based milk differentiations. The performance of the proposed model in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity using the polynomial kernel function of order-2 have been found to be 86%, 88%, 85% and 88%, respectively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.