ArticleJournal of neurology2018
Cladribine treatment of multiple sclerosis is associated with depletion of memory B cells.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04121065 (Interventional Not Pharmacological Study to Investigate the Role of ADA in Multiple Sclerosis PatientsTreated With an Immune-Reconstitution Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Interventional Not Pharmacological Study to Investigate the Role of ADA in Multiple Sclerosis PatientsTreated With an Immune-Reconstitution Therapy (2-CdA)
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamics of Spinal Fluid Immune Cell Alterations Following Cladribine Tablet Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Trial
- Blood biomarker dynamics in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets: results of the 2-year MAGNIFY-MS study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Reduction in grey matter atrophy in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis following treatment with cladribine tablets.European journal of neurology · 2023Trial
- From Marginal to Central: Marginal Zone-like B Cells as Critical Targets in Cladribine-Treated Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Post-marketing safety profile of cladribine in multiple sclerosis: a disproportionality analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Treatment-free remission in MS: long-term disease control with cladribine tablets.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Cell death in multiple sclerosis.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Review
- Is therapy-free remission a realistic goal with cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis? New insights into the mechanism of action and clinical implications of immune reconstitution with cladribine tablets in MS therapy.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- The case for targeting latent and lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Review
- Effects of cladribine on intrathecal and peripheral B and plasma cells.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Cladribine tablets in the new multiple sclerosis era.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- The gut-brain-axis one year after treatment with cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Long-term impact of oral cladribine on humoral immunity in multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence Supporting the Efficacy of Cladribine Tablets in the Treatment of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.CNS drugs · 2024Review
- Metabolic imbalance driving immune cell phenotype switching in autoimmune disorders: Tipping the balance of T- and B-cell interactions.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Causal association between the peripheral immunity and the risk and disease severity of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Sustained effects on immune cell subsets and autoreactivity in multiple sclerosis patients treated with oral cladribine.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Peripheral memory B cells in multiple sclerosis vs. double negative B cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: disease driving B cell subsets during CNS inflammation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Cladribine Tablets Mode of Action, Learning from the Pandemic: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2023Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe mechanism of action of oral cladribine, recently licensed for relapsing multiple sclerosis, is unknown.
objectiveTo determine whether cladribine depletes memory B cells consistent with our recent hypothesis that effective, disease-modifying treatments act by physical/functional depletion of memory B cells.
methodsA cross-sectional study examined 40 people with multiple sclerosis at the end of the first cycle of alemtuzumab or injectable cladribine. The relative proportions and absolute numbers of peripheral blood B lymphocyte subsets were measured using flow cytometry. Cell-subtype expression of genes involved in cladribine metabolism was examined from data in public repositories.
resultsCladribine markedly depleted class-switched and unswitched memory B cells to levels comparable with alemtuzumab, but without the associated initial lymphopenia. CD3
conclusionsSelective B cell cytotoxicity coupled with slow repopulation kinetics results in long-term, memory B cell depletion by cladribine. These may offer a new target, possibly with potential biomarker activity, for future drug development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.