Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2018
Inspiratory muscle training improves physical performance and cardiac autonomic modulation in older women.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Balance, Falls and Diaphragm Thickness in the Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparative Effects of Balance and Inspiratory Muscle Training on Balance, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Comparative Trial
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inspiratory muscle training and cardiac autonomic function in healthy adults: a systematic review of acute and chronic responses.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function and aerobic capacity in sedentary adolescents: A single-blind randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Effects of simultaneous aerobic and inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm function, respiratory muscle strength, endurance, and fatigue index: randomized-controlled trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Trial
- Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragm and Abdominal Wall Muscle Thickness with Fatty Liver Density in Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Trial
- "Inspiratory muscle weakness in acutely hospitalized patients 75 years and over": a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise and inspiratory muscle training.European geriatric medicine · 2024Trial
- Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training increases cerebrovascular reactivity in midlife and older adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Trial
- Inspiratory muscle training improves cerebrovascular and postural control responses during orthostatic stress in older women.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Trial
- Inspiratory muscle training improves exercise performance and breathing pattern during 6-min walking test in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Short-Term Inspiratory Muscle Training Enhances Functional and Metabolic Health in Older Adults.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of inspiratory muscle training on cardiorespiratory network physiology: evidence from cardiac autonomic modulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and baroreflex sensitivity analysis.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
- Ventilatory inefficiency limits 6-min walked distance in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pulmonary V̇OExperimental gerontology · 2025Article
- Inspiratory muscle training improves heart rate variability and respiratory muscle strength in obese young adults.PloS one · 2025Article
- Orthostatic intolerance: a handicap of aging or physical deconditioning?European journal of applied physiology · 2022Review
- Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training with Royal Jelly Supplement on Iron Metabolism in Cigarette Addicts.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2021Article
- Stress and Physical Inactivity: Two Explosive Ingredients for the Heart in COVID-19 Pandemic Times.Current cardiology reviews · 2021Article
- A Transfer Entropy Approach for the Assessment of the Impact of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Cardiorespiratory Coupling of Amateur Cyclists.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Integrated blood pressure control · 2019Article
- Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes: A Predictor of Cardiometabolic Events.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAging impairs the autonomic balance reducing the vagal and increasing the sympathetic components of heart rate variability (HRV) and this could be associated with a decline in physical capacity. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a possible tool to attenuate this physical capacity decline in older women. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of IMT in the older women on physical capacity and autonomic cardiac modulation at rest and post exercise.
methods20 female participants 60-72 years old were randomly allocated in two groups. One group underwent IMT set at 50% of maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), every day for 4 weeks (IMT-group). The placebo group performed the same training procedure but with a minimal resistance (5% MIP; PLA-group). Every week, the IMT load was readjusted and the HRV evaluated at rest. The six-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed once pre and post IMT-intervention. The IMT-group and PLA-group performed the same test and intervention procedures.
resultsAfter a 5 weeks intervention, the MIP had significantly improved in the IMT-group but not in the PLA-group (p < 0.01; es = 1.17). The high frequency power of the HRV spectrum had already improved by the second week (p < 0.01; es = 1.13) and remained elevated until the last week of intervention (p < 0.01; es = 1.43). The same positive results were described in 6MWT distance (p = 0.04; es = 0.39) and the change (∆) of heart rate recovery (HRR) from 1 min (p = 0.02; es = 0.68).
conclusionIMT increases HRV, improves 6MWT distance and HRR.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.