Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29549485›Full record

SynthesisWorld journal of urology2018

Pseudoprogression and hyperprogression during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for urothelial and kidney cancer.

Francesco Soria, Andrea I Beleni, David D'Andrea, Irene Resch, Kilian M Gust, Paolo Gontero, Shahrokh F Shariat

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in World journal of urology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed.

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  3. Nivolumab in previously treated advanced gastric cancer (ATTRACTION-2): 3-year update and outcome of treatment beyond progression with nivolumab.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2021
    Trial
  4. Article
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  6. CAR T-cell therapy induced pseudoprogression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Pseudoprogression Shown onMolecular imaging and radionuclide therapy · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Francesco SoriaDepartment of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Andrea I BeleniDepartment of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
David D'AndreaDepartment of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Irene ReschDepartment of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Kilian M GustDepartment of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Paolo GonteroDivision of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Studies of Torino, Turin, Italy.
Shahrokh F ShariatDepartment of Urology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. shahrokh.shariat@meduniwien.ac.at.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesA small subset of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors manifest atypical patterns of response, the so-called pseudoprogression (PP) and hyperprogression (HP). Their prevalence in urothelial (UC) and renal cancer (RCC) remains, to date, mostly uninvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to provide a summary of the current knowledge about PP and HP during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in UC and RCC patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A systematic medline/pubmed

resultsTumors respond differently to immunotherapy compared to systemic chemotherapy. To evaluate response to immunotherapy, new guidelines (iRECIST) have been developed. To date, no studies focused on PP in UC and RCC, and the only way to evaluate its role is to take patients who respond to treatment beyond progression as surrogate for pseudoprogressors. PP seems to occur in a non-negligible rate of UC and RCC (from 1.5 to 17% and from 5 to 15%, respectively). The concept of HP, defined as a rapid progression after treatment, just took the first steps, and therefore, data from ongoing trials are awaited to elucidate its impact in genitourinary cancers.

conclusionsPP and HP are not uncommon entities in UC and RCC patients, treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Further investigation is warranted to define which patients are likely to experience PP and could benefit from treatment beyond progression and which ones will instead rapidly experience progression despite treatment and should, therefore, avoid systemic immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Disease ProgressionAntibodies, MonoclonalCarcinoma, Renal CellCarcinoma, Transitional CellClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleHumansImmunotherapyKidney NeoplasmsMalePrognosisRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk AssessmentSurvival RateAntibodies, MonoclonalCheckpoint inhibitorHyperprogressionImmunotherapyPseudoprogressionTreatment beyond progression

Identifiers

PMID29549485
PMCPMC6208670

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.