ReviewEmergency radiology2018
Causes of pneumocephalus and when to be concerned about it.
Review in Emergency radiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neonatal pneumocephalus secondary to meningitis: a case report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Pediatric orbital emphysema and pneumocephalus following a compressed air gun injury: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary Management of Bilateral Pneumocephalus after Burr Hole Surgery: A Case Report.NMC case report journal · 2025Article
- A Case Report on Pneumocephalus That Occurred Following an Epidural Ozone Injection During Percutaneous Lumbar Disc Decompression Surgery.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Spinal procedures, pneumocephalus, and cranial nerve palsies: A review of the literature.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Review
- Traumatic pneumocephalus as a possible early sign of acute spinal cord injury: Case report.North American Spine Society journal · 2023Article
- Pneumorrhachis Secondary to a Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with Pre-Sacral Abscess-Case Report and Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Code Stroke Postendoscopy: A Case of Pneumocephalus From a Spinal-Esophageal Fistula.ACG case reports journal · 2023Article
- Pneumocephalus Secondary to Cerebral Air Embolism After Acute Bleeding in an Emphysema Bulla.Cureus · 2023Article
- Outcome and risk factors of complications after cranioplasty with polyetheretherketone and titanium mesh: A single-center retrospective study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Persistent Air Embolism after Blunt Chest Trauma with Recovery to Pre-Existing Consciousness Level: A Case Report and Literature Review.Neurotrauma reports · 2022Article
- Acute Tension Pneumatocele Due To Radiation Induced Osteonecrosis and Squamous Cell Cancer.The Brown journal of hospital medicine · 2022Article
- Pneumocephalus in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair after lumbar drain removal and blood patch.Journal of vascular surgery cases and innovative techniques · 2021Article
- Article
- Pneumocephalus with meningitis secondary to an old traumatic anterior cranial fossa defect.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- A Different Type of Tension Headache: A Case Report of Traumatic Tension Pneumocephalus.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2021Article
- Findings of subarachnoid fat after trauma to a tarlov cyst.Radiology case reports · 2021Article
- Soft Robotic Deployable Origami Actuators for Neurosurgical Brain Retraction.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2021Article
- A rare case ofAccess microbiology · 2021Article
- Significance of intracranial gas on post-mortem computed tomography in traumatic cases in the context of medico-legal opinions.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intracranial gas is commonly detected on neuroimaging. The recognition of this finding can at first blush be unsettling. Being able to localize this gas to a specific compartment: intraarterial, intravenous, intraparenchymal, subdural, epidural, subarachnoid and intraventricular, is the first step in determining the importance of the gas. Determination of the route of entry: through the skull, extension from a paranasal sinus or the mastoid air cells, via the spine, or trans-vascular, is the other important factor in determining potential consequences. Understanding these parameters allows for a confident determination of etiology. More importantly, it generally provides guidance as to what must be done: either to disregard (e.g., subarachnoid gas following lumbar puncture and intravenous gas following IV placement), obtain follow-up (e.g., postoperative gas), or administer emergent treatment (e.g., intraarterial gas and epidural abscess). In this review, we use gas location and route of entry to classify the various causes of pneumocephalus and provide examples of each of these etiologies.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.