ArticleOncotarget2018
Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors against pretreated advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Oncotarget, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of Clinical-Grade Durvalumab-680LT and Nivolumab-800CW for Multispectral Fluorescent Imaging of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis of the Immune Checkpoint Pathway.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- PD-L1 Inhibitor Cosibelimab for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comprehensive Evaluation of Efficacy, Mechanism, and Clinical Trial Insights.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitors have captured our attention as new therapeutic options for several tumor types. Nonetheless, the differences in efficacy between PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and conventional treatments (chemotherapy or targeted therapy) in pretreated advanced cancer patients remain unclear. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic literature search was conducted to identify phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs)-based investigations of PD-1(nivolumab, pembrolizumab)/PD-L1 inhibitors (atezolizumab) against pretreated advanced cancer. We evaluated these trials for inclusion, assessed each study's risk of bias and selected relevant data for analysis.
resultsThe eligibility criteria were met by 5,093 patients from 8 phase III RCTs. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors significantly extended overall survival relative to the conventional treatment, expressed as hazard ratio [HR] (0.72, 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.77,
conclusionsAmong selected patients with pretreated advanced cancer, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, compared with conventional treatments (chemotherapy or targeted therapy), were associated with improvement in overall survival (2.83 months) but not progression-free survival. These findings will be important in considering PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of pretreated advanced cancer and have implications for future study design.
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