ArticleClinical and translational medicine2018
Analyses of repeated failures in cancer therapy for solid tumors: poor tumor-selective drug delivery, low therapeutic efficacy and unsustainable costs.
Article in Clinical and translational medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 480 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Next-Generation Anticancer Peptides: Engineering, Nanotheranostics and Clinical Translation.Nanotheranostics · 2026Review
- Innovative Strategies of Nanocapsules for Maximizing Efficacy in Tumor Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- MoGraphDRP: Multi-omics and graph fusion with bilinear attention for predicting drug sensitivity.PloS one · 2026Article
- Engineering Complexity: Advances in 3D Breast Cancer Models for Precision Oncology.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- AttBiLSTM_DE: enhancing anticancer peptide prediction using word embedding and an optimized attention-based BiLSTM framework.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- What Is Apoptosis and Why Is It Inhibited by the Most Important Tumor Suppressor (p53)?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Controlling Release Kinetics of an Adjuvant from a Depot Improves the Efficacy of Local Immunotherapy in Metastatic Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- CAR NK cell therapy for solid tumors: potential and challenges.Antibody therapeutics · 2025Review
- The lncRNA EPIC1 suppresses dsRNA-induced type I IFN signaling and is a therapeutic target to enhance TNBC response to PD-1 inhibition.Science signaling · 2025Article
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For over six decades reductionist approaches to cancer chemotherapies including recent immunotherapy for solid tumors produced outcome failure-rates of 90% (±5) according to governmental agencies and industry. Despite tremendous public and private funding and initial enthusiasm about missile-therapy for site-specific cancers, molecular targeting drugs for specific enzymes such as kinases or inhibitors of growth factor receptors, the outcomes are very bleak and disappointing. Major scientific reasons for repeated failures of such therapeutic approaches are attributed to reductionist approaches to research and infinite numbers of genetic mutations in chaotic molecular environment of solid tumors that are bases of drug development. Safety and efficacy of candidate drugs tested in test tubes or experimental tumor models of rats or mice are usually evaluated and approved by FDA. Cost-benefit ratios of such 'targeted' therapies are also far from ideal as compared with antibiotics half a century ago. Such alarming records of failure of clinical outcomes, the increased publicity for specific vaccines (e.g., HPV or flu) targeting young and old populations, along with increasing rise of cancer incidence and death created huge and unsustainable cost to the public around the globe. This article discusses a closer scientific assessment of current cancer therapeutics and vaccines. We also present future logical approaches to cancer research and therapy and vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.