ArticleBMJ open2018
Prevalence and factors associated with exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among young people: a cross-sectional study from the Gambia.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subnational exposure to secondhand smoke in Iran from 1990 to 2013: a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence, predictors and burden of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure in Saudi Arabia: a large-scale cross-sectional survey.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Exposure to second-hand smoke, tobacco advertising, and school curriculum on tobacco harms in South African Adolescents: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure Inside the Home Among Adults in Eight Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa: Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2012-2018.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure and associated factors among city residents living in multiunit housing in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2023Article
- Trend of passive smoking and associated factors in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN studies.BMC public health · 2022Article
- DENTISTS IN AFRICA SHOULD COMMIT TO IDENTIFYING AND ASSISTING PATIENTS EXPOSED TO SECONDHAND TOBACCO SMOKE.Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine · 2021Article
- Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in Public Places and Barriers to the Implementation of Smoke-Free Regulations in The Gambia: A Population-Based Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Support for smoke-free public places among adults in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Passive Smokers' Support for Stronger Tobacco Control in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure at home and associated factors among middle school students in Northern Thailand.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure and related factors among schoolchildren in Northeast Thailand.F1000Research · 2020Article
- Prevalence, knowledge and education level associated with secondhand smoke exposure among never-smoking women in Inner Mongolia, Northern China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Exposure to secondhand smoke among school-going adolescents in Malaysia: Findings from the tobacco and e-cigarettes survey among Malaysian adolescents (TECMA).Tobacco induced diseases · 2020Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure among Malaysian adolescents.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnnually, 600 000 deaths are attributed to exposure of non-smokers to secondhand smoke (SHS). These include 165 000 among children, about 60% of which occur in Africa and Southeast Asia. As of 2017, only seven countries in the African region had comprehensive smoke-free legislation covering all public places. Given the increasing prevalence of smoking in many low-income countries, preventing exposure to SHS is an urgent public health priority, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
objectivesThe objective of this study is to obtain a reliable and nationally representative estimate of the prevalence of exposure to SHS and to identify the major risk factors among young people in The Gambia. SETTINGS AND
methodsWe used a two-stage cluster random sampling to select students in secondary schools throughout The Gambia and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on demographic characteristics and detailed indicators of exposure to SHS.
resultsOf the 10 392 eligible students, 10 289 (99%; 55% girls and 44% boys, age 12-20 years) participated. The proportion of students reporting any exposure to SHS was 97.0% (enclosed public places 59.2%, outdoor public places 61.4%, school 21.3% and home 38.2%), with 96.4% reporting some exposure outside the home. Exposure to SHS in the home was more common in girls and among older students. Parental education, living with parents and being sent to purchase cigarettes were associated with exposure to SHS both within and outside the home. More than 50% of students supported public smoking ban in both enclosed and outdoor public places. About 35% of students were unaware of the harmful effects of exposure to SHS.
conclusionsExposure to SHS is highly prevalent among students in The Gambia and occurs mostly outside of the home. Interventions to reduce SHS exposure in students are urgently needed.
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