Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29540406›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2018

Impact of mammography screening programmes on breast cancer mortality in Switzerland, a country with different regional screening policies.

Christian Herrmann, Penelope Vounatsou, Beat Thürlimann, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Christian Rothermundt, Silvia Ess

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Christian HerrmannCancer Registry St Gallen-Appenzell, Cancer League Eastern Switzerland, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9349-8917
Penelope VounatsouDepartment of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Beat ThürlimannDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division Oncology-Haematology, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
Nicole Probst-HenschDepartment of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Christian RothermundtDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division Oncology-Haematology, Kantonsspital Sankt Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
Silvia EssCancer Registry St Gallen-Appenzell, Cancer League Eastern Switzerland, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIn the past decades, mortality due to breast cancer has declined considerably in Switzerland and other developed countries. The reasons for this decline remain controversial as several factors occurred almost simultaneously, including important advances in treatment approaches, breast cancer awareness and the introduction of mammography screening programmes in many European countries. In Switzerland, mammography screening programmes (MSPs) have existed in some regions for over 20 years but do not yet exist in others. This offers the possibility to analyse its effects with modern spatiotemporal methodology. We aimed to assess the spatiotemporal patterns and the effect of MSPs on breast cancer mortality.

settingSwitzerland.

participantsThe study covers breast cancer deaths of the female population of Switzerland during the period 1969-2012. We retrieved data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office aggregated on a small-area level.

designWe fitted Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal models on death rates indirectly standardised by national references. We used linguistic region, degree of urbanisation, duration of population-based screening programmes and socioeconomic index as covariates.

resultsIn Switzerland, breast cancer mortality in women slightly increased until 1989-1992 and declined strongly thereafter. Until 2009-2012, the standardised mortality ratio declined to 57% (95% CI 54% to 60%) of the 1969-1972 value. None of the other coefficients of the spatial regressions had a significant effect on breast cancer mortality. In 2009-2012, no region had significantly elevated or reduced breast cancer mortality at 95% credible interval level compared with the national mean.

conclusionThere has been a strong reduction of breast cancer mortality from the 1990s onwards. No important spatial disparities were observed. The factors studied (urbanisation, language, duration of population-based MSP and socioeconomic characteristics) did not seem to have an influence on them. Low participation rates and opportunistic screening use may have contributed to the low impact of MSPs.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBayes TheoremBreast NeoplasmsEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansMammographyMass ScreeningMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CareSpatio-Temporal AnalysisSwitzerlandbayesian disease mappingbreast cancermortalityneoplasmswitzerland

Identifiers

PMID29540406
PMCPMC5857683

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.