Trial reportAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2018
Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Health Literacy and Message Content.
Trial report in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- A mixed-method study of perceptions of cigarette pack inserts among adult smokers from New York and South Carolina exposed as part of a randomized controlled trial.Health education research · 2023Trial
- Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Need for Cognition.American journal of health behavior · 2019Trial
- Aerosol, vapor, or chemicals? College student perceptions of harm from electronic cigarettes and support for a tobacco-free campus policy.Journal of American college health : J of ACHTrial
- Racial/ethnic discrimination and racial trauma: Concurrent evaluation among Black adults who smoke in the United States.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Improving lung cancer decision-making using a conversation tool (iDECIDE): a stepped wedge pragmatic clinical trial.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Lifestyle Related Cancer Risk and Protective Behaviors Vary among a Convenient Sample of Physically Active, Young-to-Middle-Aged Adults 18-49.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Cancer Message Believability: a Mixed Methods Study on Simulated Facebook Posts.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2022Article
- The Chain Mediating Effect of the Public's Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior on Doctor-Patient Interaction.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- How to tackle health literacy problems in chronic kidney disease patients? A systematic review to identify promising intervention targets and strategies.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2021Article
- Relationship between health literacy in substance use and alcohol consumption and tobacco use among adolescents, Northeast Thailand.Journal of education and health promotion · 2021Article
- Numeracy and memory for risk probabilities and risk outcomes depicted on cigarette warning labels.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2020Article
- Influence of Puerperal Health Literacy on Tobacco Use during Pregnancy among Spanish Women: A Transversal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The effects of information framing on self-protective behavior: Evidence from the COVID-19 vaccine uptake.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Efforts are needed to ensure that smokers with lower health literacy are provided with understandable and impactful information about the health consequences of smoking and benefits of quitting. Purpose: To test the influence of health literacy on smokers' responses to health risk messages manipulated on framing (gain vs. loss) and emotionality (factual vs. emotional). Methods: Participants (N = 402) were randomized to evaluate one of four sets of smoking risk messages (factual gain-framed, factual loss-framed, emotional gain-framed, or emotional loss-framed). Multiple linear regressions examined main effects of health literacy, message emotionality, and message framing on: (a) risk perceptions, (b) behavioral expectations (i.e. cut down, limit, quit), and (c) risk knowledge. Two-way interactions of health literacy with emotionality and framing were examined for these outcomes. Analyses were based on theory-driven, a priori hypotheses. Results: As hypothesized, main effects emerged such that smokers with higher health literacy reported stronger risk perceptions and knowledge retention regardless of message type. Additionally, emotional (vs. factual) and gain- (vs. loss-) framed messages were associated with certain lower risk perceptions regardless of health literacy level. Consistent with hypotheses, two-way crossover interactions emerged between health literacy and emotionality. Among smokers with higher health literacy, factual messages produced higher perceived risk and stronger expectations for quitting. Among smokers with lower health literacy, emotional messages produced higher perceived risk and stronger expectations for quitting. Conclusions: Health literacy plays an important role in influencing how smokers respond to different risk messages. One's health literacy should be considered when determining whether risk communications emphasize factual or emotional content.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.