Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29538366›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2018

Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors of autism spectrum disorder.

Elizabeth Hisle-Gorman, Apryl Susi, Theophil Stokes, Gregory Gorman, Christine Erdie-Lalena, Cade M Nylund

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
87citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

87 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.

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  6. The Association Between Maternal Asthma and Child Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
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  11. Steroid hormone pathways, vitamin D and autism: a systematic review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023
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27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elizabeth Hisle-GormanUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. elizabeth.hisle-gorman.ctr@usuhs.edu.
Apryl SusiUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Theophil StokesWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Gregory GormanUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Christine Erdie-LalenaWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Cade M NylundUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · USWalter Reed National Military Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWe explored the association of 29 previously reported neonatal, perinatal, and prenatal conditions, and exposures with later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a large sample of children followed over multiple years.

methodsA retrospective case-cohort study was formed using the Military Health System database. Cases were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for ASD between 2000 and 2013, and were matched 3:1 with controls on sex, date of birth, and enrollment time frame. Exposures included 29 conditions previously associated with ASD; 17 prenatal conditions and their pharmaceutical treatment, 5 perinatal conditions, and 6 neonatal conditions.

resultsA total of 8,760 children diagnosed with ASD between the ages of 2 and 18 years were matched with 26,280 controls. ASD is associated with maternal mental illness, epilepsy, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, infection, asthma, assisted fertility, hyperemesis, younger maternal age, labor complications, low birth weight, infant infection, epilepsy, birth asphyxia, and newborn complications. The greatest increased risk was associated with infant epilepsy (odds ratio (OR) 7.57 (5.68-10.07)), maternal mental health (OR 1.80 (1.65-1.96)), and epilepsy (OR 1.60 (1.02-2.50)) medications.

conclusionASD is associated with a range of prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors, with the highest magnitude associations with maternal medication use and neonatal seizure.

Indexed as

MothersAdultAutism Spectrum DisorderCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, Newborn, DiseasesMaleMaternal ExposureMilitary PersonnelNeonatology

Identifiers

PMID29538366
OpenAlexW2794166261

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.