ArticleFrontiers in public health2018
Human West Nile Virus Disease Outbreak in Pakistan, 2015-2016.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue, and West Nile arboviruses in Iran based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Review
- A comprehensive review on the epidemiology of arboviruses in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO): insights from the WHO's Regional Office.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Review
- Lessons Learned from West Nile Virus Infection:Vaccinations in Equines and Their Implications for One Health Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Etiology of Acute Infectious Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in Karachi, Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Center.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Observational
- The impact of COVID-19 followed by extreme flooding on vector borne diseases in Pakistan: A mini narrative review.New microbes and new infections · 2023Review
- Screening for arboviruses in healthy blood donors: Experience from Karachi, Pakistan.Virologica Sinica · 2022Article
- West Nile virus outbreak in Pakistan: Another potential public health threat in the pipeline?Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- The value of West Nile virus RNA detection by real-time RT-PCR in urine samples from patients with neuroinvasive forms.Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- West Nile virus: another emerging arboviral risk for travelers?Current infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Surveillance of West Nile virus infection in Kashgar Region, Xinjiang, China, 2013-2016.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Global emergence of West Nile virus: Threat & preparedness in special perspective to India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
- NTDs in the age of urbanization, climate change, and conflict: Karachi, Pakistan as a case study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2020Article
- Investigation of Japanese encephalitis virus as a cause of acute encephalitis in southern Pakistan, April 2015-January 2018.PloS one · 2020Article
- The Clinical Features of Co-circulating Dengue Viruses and the Absence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2020Observational
- Experimental Infection of Pregnant Female Sheep with Zika Virus During Early Gestation.Viruses · 2019Article
- Evidence of Chikungunya Virus Disease in Pakistan Since 2015 With Patients Demonstrating Involvement of the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Like most of the world, Pakistan has seen an increase in mosquito-transmitted diseases in recent years. The magnitude and distribution of these diseases are poorly understood as Pakistan does not have a nation-wide system for reporting disease. A cross-sectional study to determine which flaviviruses were causing of arboviral disease in Pakistan was instituted. West Nile virus (WNV) is a cause of seasonal fever with neurotropic findings in countries that share borders with Pakistan. Here, we describe the active and persistent circulation of WNV in humans in the southern region of Pakistan. This is the first report of WNV causing neurological disease in human patients in this country. Of 997 enrolled patients presenting with clinical features suggestive of arboviral disease, 105 were positive for WNV IgM antibodies, and 71 of these patients possessed WNV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Cross-reactivity of WNV IgM antibodies with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) occurred in 75 of these 105 patients. WNV co-infections with Dengue viruses were not a contributing factor for the severity of disease. Nor did prior exposure to dengue virus contribute to incidence of neurological involvement in WNV-infected patients. Patients with WNV infections were more likely to present with altered mental status, seizures, and reduced Glasgow Coma scores when compared with JEV-infected patients. Human WNV cases and vector numbers exhibited a temporal correlation with climate.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.