ArticleCirculation2018
Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease.
Article in Circulation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and comparative risk assessment study.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Influenza vaccination reduces incidence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Senescent Phenotype Induced by p90RSK-NRF2 Signaling Sensitizes Monocytes and Macrophages to Oxidative Stress in HIV-Positive Individuals.Circulation · 2019Trial
- Food insecurity and cardiometabolic diseases among people with HIV in West Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Implications of Modest Reductions in ABI Measurements for Risk of Major Adverse Limb Events Among 223,350 Veterans.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Peripheral Arterial Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- A comparative study of cardiovascular diseases risk profile among HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy and HIV-negative controls in a secondary healthcare setting in southwest Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Association Between hsTnT and NT-proBNP and Peripheral Artery Disease in People with HIV: A Multicentre Danish Cohort Study.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of the Manifestation of Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV Patients.Cureus · 2025Review
- Impact of arterial stiffness on health-related quality of life in older Thai adults with treated HIV infection: a multicenter cohort study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Complications in People Living with HIV: A Focused Review.Infectious disease reports · 2024Review
- Signals From Inflamed Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contribute to Small-Vessel Dysfunction in Women With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- The development, evaluation, performance, and validation of micro-PCR and extractor for the quantification of HIV-1 &-2 RNA.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Longitudinal outcomes following peripheral vascular intervention among older persons living with HIV.Vascular medicine (London, England) · 2023Article
- Review
- Incidence, Microbiological Studies, and Factors Associated With Prosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Particular Aspects Related to CD4+ Level in a Group of HIV-Infected Patients and Associated Acute Coronary Syndrome.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of HIV Infection and Incident Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Among 143 001 Veterans.Circulation · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains unclear. We investigated whether HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of PAD after adjustment for traditional atherosclerotic risk factors in a large cohort of HIV-infected (HIV+) and demographically similar HIV-uninfected veterans.
methodsWe studied participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study from April 1, 2003 through December 31, 2014. We excluded participants with known prior PAD or prevalent cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary heart disease, and congestive heart failure) and analyzed the effect of HIV status on the risk of incident PAD events after adjusting for demographics, PAD risk factors, substance use, CD4 cell count, HIV-1 ribonucleic acid, and antiretroviral therapy. The primary outcome is incident peripheral artery disease events. Secondary outcomes include mortality and amputation in subjects with incident PAD events by HIV infection status, viral load, and CD4 count.
resultsAmong 91 953 participants, over a median follow up of 9.0 years, there were 7708 incident PAD events. Rates of incident PAD events per 1000 person-years were higher among HIV+ (11.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.5-12.4) than uninfected veterans (9.9; 95% CI, 9.6-10.1). After adjustment for demographics, PAD risk factors, and other covariates, HIV+ veterans had an increased risk of incident PAD events compared with uninfected veterans (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.25). This risk was highest among those with time-updated HIV viral load >500 copies/mL (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.38-1.65) and CD4 cell counts <200 cells/mm
conclusionsInfection with HIV is associated with a 19% increased risk of PAD beyond that explained by traditional atherosclerotic risk factors. However, for those with sustained CD4 cell counts <200 cells/mm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.