ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2018
A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking with asthma.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- The health beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of males toward pregnancy planning and preconception health and care: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Progression from Pre-COPD to COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Transgenerational consequences of grandparents' smoking on grandchildren's development: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Paternal preconception modifiable risk factors for adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a review of contemporary evidence from observational studies.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Chained Risk Assessment for Life-Long Disease Burden of Early Exposures - Demonstration of Concept Using Prenatal Maternal Smoking.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Environmentally-induced sperm RNAs shape placentation and fetal growth.Research square · 2026Article
- Multigenerational smoking during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth: a population-based 3-generation cohort study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Paternal snus use in puberty and increased risk for asthma and allergies in offspring: a RHINE/RHINESSA two-generation study.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Echoes of smoke: unwinding multigenerational asthma risk through longitudinal cohorts.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Parental smoke exposure before age 15 years and offspring asthma trajectories from ages 7 to 53 years.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Interactive Effects of Genetic Susceptibility and Early-Life Tobacco Smoke Exposure on the Asthma-Eczema Complex Phenotype in Children: 6-Year Follow-Up Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- PBDE Flame Retardant Exposure Causes Neurobehavioral and Transcriptional Effects in First-Generation but Not Second-Generation Offspring Fish.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Beyond Genes: Mechanistic and Epidemiological Insights into Paternal Environmental Influence on Offspring Health.Current environmental health reports · 2025Review
- Asthma prevalence and risk factors in Poonch and Rajouri districts, India: an epidemiological and geospatial analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dad's legacy: Epigenetic reprogramming and paternal inflammatory memory in offspring health.Journal of internal medicine · 2025Review
- ERS Congress 2024: highlights from the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Introducing artificial intelligence and sperm epigenetics in the fertility clinic: a novel foundation for diagnostics and prediction modelling.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic determinants of low birth weight and its association with peripubertal obesity in Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Disparities in trends of smoke-free home associated with socioeconomic disadvantages in the United States from 2001 to 2019.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Multifaceted paternal exposures before conception and their epigenetic impact on offspring.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
34 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Mothers' smoking during pregnancy increases asthma risk in their offspring. There is some evidence that grandmothers' smoking may have a similar effect, and biological plausibility that fathers' smoking during adolescence may influence offspring's health through transmittable epigenetic changes in sperm precursor cells. We evaluated the three-generation associations of tobacco smoking with asthma. Methods: Between 2010 and 2013, at the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III clinical interview, 2233 mothers and 1964 fathers from 26 centres reported whether their offspring (aged ≤51 years) had ever had asthma and whether it had coexisted with nasal allergies or not. Mothers and fathers also provided information on their parents' (grandparents) and their own asthma, education and smoking history. Multilevel mediation models within a multicentre three-generation framework were fitted separately within the maternal (4666 offspring) and paternal (4192 offspring) lines. Results: Fathers' smoking before they were 15 [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.01] and mothers' smoking during pregnancy (RRR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.59) were associated with asthma without nasal allergies in their offspring. Grandmothers' smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma in their daughters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.06] and with asthma with nasal allergies in their grandchildren within the maternal line (RRR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.55). Conclusions: Fathers' smoking during early adolescence and grandmothers' and mothers' smoking during pregnancy may independently increase asthma risk in offspring. Thus, risk factors for asthma should be sought in both parents and before conception. Funding: European Union (Horizon 2020, GA-633212).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.