ReviewMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2018
Tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC): a review.
Review in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is Hormone Replacement Therapy a Risk Factor or a Therapeutic Option for Alzheimer's Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Randomized Trial Evaluation of the Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Among Women 50-59 Years of Age.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Trial
- Effect of Bazedoxifene and Conjugated Estrogen (Duavee) on Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers in High-Risk Women: A Pilot Study.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Trial
- Low-dose tamoxifen ameliorates ovariectomy-induced metabolic and immune dysfunction.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Multidimensional regulation of estrogen signaling in pelvic floor connective tissue homeostasis and remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell and spatial multi-omics reveal estrogen-mediated vaginal wall microenvironment remodeling and a perivascular reparative niche in postmenopausal pelvic organ prolapse.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Estrogen Receptors as Key Factors in Carcinogenesis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Overcoming challenges in conducting early phase breast cancer prevention trials: Bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens vs waitlist control.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms, physiological roles, and therapeutic implications of ion fluxes in bone cells: Emphasis on the cation-ClJournal of cellular physiology · 2022Review
- Treating menopause - MHT and beyond.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Bazedoxifene, a Postmenopausal Drug, Acts as an Antimalarial and Inhibits Hemozoin Formation.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Use of ERE-Luc Reporter Mice to Monitor Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activity in a Spatio-Temporal Dimension.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Factors Influencing Skin Aging and the Important Role of Estrogens and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs).Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Review
- Dual-mechanism estrogen receptor inhibitors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The Trend in the Sales of Menopausal Hormone and Other Osteoporosis Medications in South Korea from 2016 to 2019.Journal of bone metabolism · 2021Article
- Risks, Benefits, and Treatment Modalities of Menopausal Hormone Therapy: Current Concepts.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and breast cancer: Risk factors and the role of inflammation and endocrine function.Cancer · 2020Review
- Current Evidence of the Oncological Benefit-Risk Profile of Hormone Replacement Therapy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis review describes historical development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and their combination with estrogens, termed a tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC), and considers the potential for future TSEC development.
methodsThis narrative review is based on literature identified on PubMed and the TSEC research and development experience of the authors.
resultsSERMs have estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects in various tissues; however, no single agent has achieved an optimal balance of agonist and antagonist effects for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Clinically, a number of SERMs protect against osteoporosis and breast cancer but can exacerbate vasomotor symptoms. Estrogens alleviate menopausal hot flushes and genitourinary symptoms as well as reduce bone loss, but the addition of a progestogen to menopausal hormone therapy to protect against endometrial cancer increases vaginal bleeding risk, breast tenderness, and potentially breast cancer. The search for an effective menopausal therapy with better tolerability led to the investigation of TSECs. Clinical development of a TSEC consisting of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene increased understanding of the importance of a careful consideration of the combination's components and their respective doses to balance safety and efficacy. Bazedoxifene is an estrogen receptor agonist in bone but an antagonist/degrader in the endometrium, which has contributed to its success as a TSEC component. Other oral TSEC combinations studied thus far have not demonstrated similar endometrial safety.
conclusionsChoice of SERM, selection of doses, and clinical trial data evaluating safety and efficacy are key to ensuring safety and adequate therapeutic effect of TSECs for addressing menopausal symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.