SynthesisOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2018
Depression and risk of fracture and bone loss: an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exercise improves quality of life, mental health and pain in people living with osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Pooled it
- Depression and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Depression and Osteoporosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Calcified tissue international · 2021Pooled it
- Depression and risk of hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- Aptamer-functionalized EGCG nanocarrier for neutrophil-targeted AKBA delivery promotes anxiety-related fracture healing.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Observational
- Mental disorders and osteoporosis treatment in patients with hip fracture-a Danish population-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Associations of gait speed, grip strength, depressive symptoms, and their combinations with fracture risk in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Antidepressant Use and Bone Health: Evidence From Mendelian Randomisation.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Association Between Depression and Increased Odds of Inpatient Mortality Following Hip Fracture Repair.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of total, cognitive-affective, and somatic depressive symptoms in relation to hip fracture risk: evidence from the HRS and ELSA cohorts.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Joint trajectories of loneliness and depressive symptoms and risk of incident osteoporosis among middle-aged and older adults: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Brain-bone axis dysregulation: Biological code underlying the bidirectional association between depression and musculoskeletal disorders.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Multimorbidity, fragility fractures, and out-of-pocket expenditure in older Indian adults: evidence from a national survey.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Psychological resilience and clinical depression on bone loss and fracture.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Four-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and subsequent risk of hip fracture: evidence from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Associations between monocyte to HDL-C ratio and lumbar bone mineral density in alcohol dependent individuals with depression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bone-brain interaction: mechanisms and potential intervention strategies of biomaterials.Bone research · 2025Review
- Article
- Differential expression of plasma extracellular vesicles microRNAs and exploration of their association with bone metabolism in childhood trauma participants treated in a psychosomatic clinic.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Funding
Abstract
This meta-analysis pooled results from 23 qualifying individual cohort studies and found that depression was significantly associated with an increased risk of fractures and bone loss.
introductionThe association between depression and risk of fracture remains controversial. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine the effect of depression on the risk of osteoporotic fractures and bone loss.
methodsWe searched databases and reviewed citations in relevant articles for eligible cohort studies. Two investigators independently conducted study selection, appraisal, and data abstraction through the use of a standardized protocol. Random effect models were used for meta-analysis. Cochrane Q and I
resultsTwenty-three studies were included for meta-analysis. In studies that reported hazard ratio (HR) as the outcome (nine studies [n = 309,862]), depression was associated with 26% increase in fracture risk (HR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.10-1.43, p < 0.001). Studies that reported risk ratio (RR) as the outcome (seven studies [n = 64,975]) suggested that depression was associated with 39% increase in fracture risk (RR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.19-1.62, p < 0.001). Among studies that reported hip bone mineral density (BMD) as an outcome (eight studies [n = 15,442]), depression was associated with a reduced mean annual bone loss rate of 0.35% (0.18-0.53%, p < 0.001). The increased risk of fracture and bone loss associated with depression was consistent in all meta-analysis having modified inclusion criteria and in different subgroup analyses as well. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis; however, no significant publication bias was detected.
conclusionDepression is associated with a significant increased risk in fracture and bone loss. Effective prevention may decrease such risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.