ArticleOpen heart
The prognostic value of sST2 and galectin-3 considering different aetiologies in non-ischaemic heart failure.
Article in Open heart. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03090425 (Inflammatory/Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Inflammatory/Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Is There a Link to Autoimmune Diseases? TP9a of the KNHI Associated to the DZHK
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic value of circulating soluble ST2 in patients with chronic heart failure.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Galectin-3 levels and long-term all-cause mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients: a meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prognostic Value of Serum Galectin-3 in Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Serum Galectin-3 and Risk Stratification in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Mortality Outcomes.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
- Effect of β-Blocker Therapy on the Level of Soluble ST2 Protein in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Soluble Isoform of Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) Biomarker in a Large Cohort of Healthy Pediatric Population: Determination of Reference Intervals.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Soluble ST2 as a Potential Biomarker for Risk Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients Undergoing TAVR?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Beyond Ejection Fraction: Novel Clinical Approaches Towards Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Current cardiology reviews · 2022Review
- Predictors of Total Mortality and Serious Arrhythmic Events in Non-Ischemic Heart Failure Patients: The Role of Galectin-3.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2021Article
- Well-Known and Novel Serum Biomarkers for Risk Stratification of Patients with Non-ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Time Has Come to Explore Plasma Biomarkers in Genetic Cardiomyopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Monitoring of biomarkers in heart failure.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2019Article
- Biomarkers in heart failure: the past, current and future.Heart failure reviews · 2019Review
- Dilated cardiomyopathy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2019Review
- Biomarkers in Routine Heart Failure Clinical Care.Cardiac failure review · 2019Review
- Galectin-3 as a Predictor of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Recent-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Disease markers · 2018Article
- Galactin-3 and soluble ST2 as complementary tools to cardiac MRI for sudden cardiac death risk stratification in heart failure: A review.JRSM cardiovascular diseaseReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Several studies indicate a prognostic value of sST2 and galectin-3 in heart failure (HF). While previous studies focused on ischaemic cause of HF, we investigated the role of sST2 and galectin-3 in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods: sST2 and galectin-3 serum concentrations were measured in 262 subjects with DCM. Survival rates were determined for all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiac mortality (CM). Results: In a univariate model, sST2 as a continuous variable was a predictor of ACM (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.07, P<0.001) and CM (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.06, P=0.040). In the subgroup of patients with inflammatory and/or viral DCM (DCMi⋎viral), the endpoints ACM (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.17, P<0.001) and CM (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.18, P=0.013) were significant. In the subgroup of patients with idiopathic DCM, the endpoint ACM (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, P=0.019) was significant. In a multivariate model, the prognostic value of the sST2 main group remained intact for ACM (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07, P=0.003).Univariate and multivariate analysis of galectin-3 as continuous variable did not show any significant result. However, in a quartile model, intermediate values of galectin-3 were significantly associated with a lower event rate of ACM and CM. Conclusion: The study revealed that sST2 predicts ACM and CM in patients with non-ischaemic HF and could be useful especially in patients with inflammatory background. Our findings that intermediate levels of galectin-3 allow for better prognosis were new and different to other investigations. Trial registration number: NCT03090425; Results.
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