ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Population genomic analysis of elongated skulls reveals extensive female-biased immigration in Early Medieval Bavaria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Estimating human mobility in Holocene Western Eurasia with large-scale ancient genomic data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Pooled it
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- Global patterns of natural selection inferred using ancient DNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Paleogenomic evidence for genetic heterogeneity and prior admixture in Gothic-associated communities of late antique Bulgaria.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
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- A probabilistic approach to visualize the effect of missing data on PCA in ancient human genomics.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Urbanization and genetic homogenization in the medieval Low Countries revealed through a ten-century paleogenomic study of the city of Sint-Truiden.Genome biology · 2025Article
- The landscape of fitness effects of putatively functional noncoding mutations in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Slavs in the closet: computational genomic analysis reveals cryptic slavic signatures in the Avar Khaganate and their contribution to medieval Croatian population formation.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
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- Multidisciplinary study of human remains from the 3rd century mass grave in the Roman city of Mursa, Croatia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Pervasive findings of directional selection realize the promise of ancient DNA to elucidate human adaptation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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20 authors.
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Abstract
Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while genetic analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves of immigration from outside the continent during periods of cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed light on the demographic processes occurring during the intervening periods have been absent. Therefore, we generated genomic data from 41 individuals dating mostly to the late 5th/early 6th century AD from present-day Bavaria in southern Germany, including 11 whole genomes (mean depth 5.56×). In addition we developed a capture array to sequence neutral regions spanning a total of 5 Mb and 486 functional polymorphic sites to high depth (mean 72×) in all individuals. Our data indicate that while men generally had ancestry that closely resembles modern northern and central Europeans, women exhibit a very high genetic heterogeneity; this includes signals of genetic ancestry ranging from western Europe to East Asia. Particularly striking are women with artificial skull deformations; the analysis of their collective genetic ancestry suggests an origin in southeastern Europe. In addition, functional variants indicate that they also differed in visible characteristics. This example of female-biased migration indicates that complex demographic processes during the Early Medieval period may have contributed in an unexpected way to shape the modern European genetic landscape. Examination of the panel of functional loci also revealed that many alleles associated with recent positive selection were already at modern-like frequencies in European populations ∼1,500 years ago.
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