ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2018
Hepatitis A Virus Codon Usage: Implications for Translation Kinetics and Capsid Folding.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure and function of type IV IRES in picornaviruses: a systematic review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic variability of hepatitis A virus genotype I strains in Bulgaria, 2011-2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mapping evolutionary paradigm of bovine viral diarrhea virusVirulence · 2025Article
- Evolutionary paradigm of distinct viral coding regions of BVDV associated with different nucleotide usage patterns.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Codon Usage Bias in Human RNA Viruses and Its Impact on Viral Translation, Fitness, and Evolution.Viruses · 2025Review
- Primary Sequence-Intrinsic Immune Evasion by Viral Proteins Guides CTL-Based Vaccine Strategies.Viruses · 2025Review
- Enhanced replication of a hepatitis A virus vaccine strain via adaptation in Vero cells.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Host and structure-specific codon usage of G genotype (VP7) among group A rotaviruses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Hepatitis A virus infection.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Advances and Breakthroughs in IRES-Directed Translation and Replication of Picornaviruses.mBio · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Potential In Vitro Recombination Events in Codon Deoptimized FMDV Strains.Viruses · 2023Article
- Picornavirus translation strategies.FEBS open bio · 2022Review
- Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage Patterns in Chinese Porcine Circoviruses Based on Their Major Protein-Coding Sequences.Viruses · 2022Article
- Codon Usage of Hepatitis E Viruses: A Comprehensive Analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of hepatitis A virus.Virulence · 2021Review
- The Codon Usage Code for Cotranslational Folding of Viral Capsids.Genome biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Article
- A comparative genomics-based study of positive strand RNA viruses emphasizing on SARS-CoV-2 utilizing dinucleotide signature, codon usage and codon context analyses.Gene reports · 2021Article
- Tracing surface and airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA inside public buses and subway trains.Environment international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Codon usage bias is universal to all genomes. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) codon usage is highly biased and deoptimized with respect to its host. Accordingly, HAV is unable to induce cellular translational shutoff and its internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is inefficient. Codon usage deoptimization may be seen as a hawk (host cell) versus dove (HAV) game strategy for accessing transfer RNA (tRNA). HAV avoids use of abundant host cell codons and thereby eludes competition for the corresponding tRNAs. Instead, codons that are abundant or rare in cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are used relatively rarely in its genome, although intermediately abundant host cell codons are abundant in the viral genome. Rare codons in the capsid coding region slow down the translation elongation rate, and in doing so intrinsically modulate capsid folding, which is critical to the stability of a virus transmitted through the fecal-oral route. HAV is a paradigmatic example of what has been proposed as a codon usage "code" for protein structure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.