ReviewParasites & vectors2018
Rethinking the extrinsic incubation period of malaria parasites.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed.
- TAUS: Target-Age Unified Survival. Survival Analysis Without Assuming Proportional Hazards or Parameterising the Survival Function.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- The nanosd integral gene drive enables population modification of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Warming temperatures reduce lifespan and vectorial capacity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Ghana.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Demystifying Plasmodium development within the Anopheles mosquito.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Agent-based simulation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention strategy in Southern Tanzania: comparing dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine with or without primaquine.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Effects of a caffeine-based diet on insecticide resistance and longevity in infected Anopheles coluzzii.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Estimating mosquito bionomics parameters with a hierarchical Bayesian model.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Extreme weather events and vector-borne diseases: Quantifying the epidemiological effect of Hurricane Julia on malaria transmission in Colombia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Characterization of factors influencing swarm dynamics and mating efficiency in Anopheles coluzzii.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Mosquito survival from mark-recapture studies releasing at known age.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Pixel intensity of wing photos used to infer efficacy of mosquito control interventions against Anopheles gambiae caught during the RIMDAMAL II clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biting time of day in malaria mosquitoes is modulated by nutritional status.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Scalable and cost-effective methods for xenomonitoring of P. falciparum and antimalarial drug resistance validated with laboratory and wild-caught mosquitoes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biting time of day in malaria mosquitoes is modulated by nutritional status.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- When a mean can be meaningless: evaluating mosquito infections withParasitology · 2025Review
- Impact of the intensity of infection in birds on Plasmodium development within Culex pipiens mosquitoes.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Influence of Household Roof Types on the Development of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Contrasting vector competence of three main East African Anopheles malaria vector mosquitoes for Plasmodium falciparum.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Climate Change and Malaria: A Call for Robust Analytics.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Associations of temperature and precipitation with malaria in children under 5: A multi-country study in Sub-Saharan Africa.PloS one · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The time it takes for malaria parasites to develop within a mosquito, and become transmissible, is known as the extrinsic incubation period, or EIP. EIP is a key parameter influencing transmission intensity as it combines with mosquito mortality rate and competence to determine the number of mosquitoes that ultimately become infectious. In spite of its epidemiological significance, data on EIP are scant. Current approaches to estimate EIP are largely based on temperature-dependent models developed from data collected on parasite development within a single mosquito species in the 1930s. These models assume that the only factor affecting EIP is mean environmental temperature. Here, we review evidence to suggest that in addition to mean temperature, EIP is likely influenced by genetic diversity of the vector, diversity of the parasite, and variation in a range of biotic and abiotic factors that affect mosquito condition. We further demonstrate that the classic approach of measuring EIP as the time at which mosquitoes first become infectious likely misrepresents EIP for a mosquito population. We argue for a better understanding of EIP to improve models of transmission, refine predictions of the possible impacts of climate change, and determine the potential evolutionary responses of malaria parasites to current and future mosquito control tools.
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