ArticleNucleic acids research2018
Discovery of new type I toxin-antitoxin systems adjacent to CRISPR arrays in Clostridium difficile.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and structure determination of a type III-Bv CRISPR complex that post-translationally modifies an associated toxin.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2026Article
- Potential role of a CRISPR-Cas-activated toxin-antitoxin system in bacterial immunity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Stress genomics of the toxigenic cyanobacteria: environmental and biotechnological perspectives.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Review
- Functional diversity and molecular interactions of small membrane proteins in bacteria.microLife · 2025Review
- Type I toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: from regulation to biological functions.EcoSal Plus · 2024Review
- Identification of an anti-CRISPR protein that inhibits the CRISPR-Cas type I-B system inmSphere · 2023Article
- Uncovering the functional diversity of rare CRISPR-Cas systems with deep terascale clustering.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Small proteins in Gram-positive bacteria.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Review of the Impact of Biofilm Formation on RecurrentMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Regulatory transcription factors ofCritical reviews in microbiology · 2023Review
- Unveil the Secret of the Bacteria and Phage Arms Race.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Profiling the intragenic toxicity determinants of toxin-antitoxin systems: revisiting hok/Sok regulation.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- The interaction between ginseng and gut microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Article
- T1TAdb: the database of type I toxin-antitoxin systems.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Identification of RNAs bound by Hfq reveals widespread RNA partners and a sporulation regulator in the human pathogenRNA biology · 2021Article
- Wolf in Sheep's Clothing:Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Article
- An RNA-centric global view ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Cooperation between Different CRISPR-Cas Types Enables Adaptation in an RNA-Targeting System.mBio · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile, a major human enteropathogen, must cope with foreign DNA invaders and multiple stress factors inside the host. We have recently provided an experimental evidence of defensive function of the C. difficile CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) system important for its survival within phage-rich gut communities. Here, we describe the identification of type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems with the first functional antisense RNAs in this pathogen. Through the analysis of deep-sequencing data, we demonstrate the general co-localization with CRISPR arrays for the majority of sequenced C. difficile strains. We provide a detailed characterization of the overlapping convergent transcripts for three selected TA pairs. The toxic nature of small membrane proteins is demonstrated by the growth arrest induced by their overexpression. The co-expression of antisense RNA acting as an antitoxin prevented this growth defect. Co-regulation of CRISPR-Cas and type I TA genes by the general stress response Sigma B and biofilm-related factors further suggests a possible link between these systems with a role in recurrent C. difficile infections. Our results provide the first description of genomic links between CRISPR and type I TA systems within defense islands in line with recently emerged concept of functional coupling of immunity and cell dormancy systems in prokaryotes.
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