ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy
Targeting IL-2: an unexpected effect in treating immunological diseases.
Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Association Between Peripheral IL-2Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
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- Engineering human Tregs to resist tacrolimus via FKBP12 gene editing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cell therapy in autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases: from basic research to clinical practice and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- FOXP3+ T Cells-An Emerging Evidence in Periodontitis Therapeutics.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Review
- Article
- Immunotherapy with low-dose IL-2 attenuates vascular injury in mice with diabetic and neovascular retinopathy by restoring the balance between Foxp3Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Cytokine Therapy in Bladder Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Prospects.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Autophagy-related biomarkers identified in sepsis-induced ARDS through bioinformatics analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Harnessing extracellular vesicle-mediated crosstalk between T cells and cancer cells for therapeutic applications.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- T-regulatory cells for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A novel TNFR2 agonist peptide for the expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CAR-based cell therapy for autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A Precision Engineered Interleukin-2 for Bolstering CD8+ T- and NK-cell Activity without Eosinophilia and Vascular Leak Syndrome in Nonhuman Primates.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are the game-changers in childhood obesity-associated metabolic disorders (diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases).Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Translational kinetic-pharmacodynamics of mRNA-6231, an investigational mRNA therapeutic encoding mutein interleukin-2.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2024Article
- The Exploitation of the Glycosylation Pattern in Asthma: How We Alter Ancestral Pathways to Develop New Treatments.Biomolecules · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis since Treg dysfunction in both animals and humans is associated with multi-organ autoimmune and inflammatory disease. While IL-2 is generally considered to promote T-cell proliferation and enhance effector T-cell function, recent studies have demonstrated that treatments that utilize low-dose IL-2 unexpectedly induce immune tolerance and promote Treg development resulting in the suppression of unwanted immune responses and eventually leading to treatment of some autoimmune disorders. In the present review, we discuss the biology of IL-2 and its signaling to help define the key role played by IL-2 in the development and function of Treg cells. We also summarize proof-of-concept clinical trials which have shown that low-dose IL-2 can control autoimmune diseases safely and effectively by specifically expanding and activating Treg. However, future studies will be needed to validate a better and safer dosing strategy for low-dose IL-2 treatments utilizing well-controlled clinical trials. More studies will also be needed to validate the appropriate dose of IL-2/anti-cytokine or IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex in the experimental animal models before moving to the clinic.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.