ArticleBioconjugate chemistry2018
Immunostimulatory CpG on Carbon Nanotubes Selectively Inhibits Migration of Brain Tumor Cells.
Article in Bioconjugate chemistry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing brain immunotherapy through functional nanomaterials.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology Driven Lipid and Metalloid Based Formulations Targeting Blood-Brain Barrier (3B) for Brain Tumor.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Current Non-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Targeting brain tumors with innovative nanocarriers: bridging the gap through the blood-brain barrier.Oncology research · 2024Review
- TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?Cells · 2022Review
- Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems in Glioblastoma.Nanoscale research letters · 2022Review
- Tailoring biomaterials and applications targeting tumor-associated macrophages in cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- Intracellular and extracellular targets as mechanisms of cancer therapy by nanomaterials in relation to their physicochemical properties.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- Functionalized Carbon Nanostructures Versus Drug Resistance: Promising Scenarios in Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Designing inorganic nanomaterials for vaccines and immunotherapies.Nano today · 2019Article
- Effects of Chemically-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Morphology and Vitality of D54MG Human Glioblastoma Cells.Neuroglia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Self-Therapeutic Nanomaterials: Applications in Biology and Medicine.Materials today (Kidlington, England)Article
- Nanomedicine for Glioblastoma Therapy: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Even when treated with aggressive current therapies, patients with glioblastoma usually survive less than two years and exhibit a high rate of recurrence. CpG is an oligonucleotide that activates the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation. Injection of CpG into glioblastoma tumors showed promise as an immunotherapy in mouse models but proved disappointing in human trials. One aspect of glioma that is not addressed by CpG therapy alone is the highly invasive nature of glioma cells, which is associated with resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that single-walled carbon nanotubes noncovalently functionalized with CpG (SWNT/CpG), which retain the immunostimulatory property of the CpG, selectively inhibit the migration of glioma cells and not macrophages without affecting cell viability or proliferation. SWNT/CpG also selectively decreased NF-κB activation in glioma cells, while activating macrophages by induction of the TLR9/NF-κB pathway, as we have previously reported. The migration inhibition of glioma cells was correlated with selective reduction of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that an antioxidant-based mechanism mediates the observed effects. To the best of our knowledge, SWNT/CpG is the first nanomaterial that inhibits the migration of cancer cells while stimulating the immune system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.