ArticleRespiratory research2018
Airway surface liquid from smokers promotes bacterial growth and biofilm formation via iron-lactoferrin imbalance.
Article in Respiratory research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cigarette smoke modulates virulence-related properties and host immune responses inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Bronchial epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles drive inflammasome activation andFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tobacco-enhanced biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and other oral microbes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Iron-depleting nutritional immunity controls extracellular bacterial replication in Legionella pneumophila infections.Nature communications · 2024Article
- How Does Airway Surface Liquid Composition Vary in Different Pulmonary Diseases, and How Can We Use This Knowledge to Model Microbial Infections?Microorganisms · 2024Review
- 30-Min Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Influences Airway Ion Transport-An In Vitro Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Article
- Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Antibiofilm Activity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides against Multidrug Resistant and Susceptible Isolates ofACS infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Indoor Air Pollution and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection in Urban Vietnamese Children.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Nutritional immunity: the impact of metals on lung immune cells and the airway microbiome during chronic respiratory disease.Respiratory research · 2021Review
- Hypothiocyanite and Hypothiocyanite/Lactoferrin Mixture Exhibit Virucidal Activity In Vitro against SARS-CoV-2.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Lung microbiota associations with clinical features of COPD in the SPIROMICS cohort.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
- Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Lung function of primary cooks using LPG or biomass and the effect of particulate matter on airway epithelial barrier integrity.Environmental research · 2020Article
- The effects of smoking on adolescent trauma patients: a propensity-score-matched analysis.Pediatric surgery international · 2020Article
- Host and Pathogen Communication in the Respiratory Tract: Mechanisms and Models of a Complex Signaling Microenvironment.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Review
- The Impact of PMFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Effects of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Growth and Biofilm Formation byBioMed research international · 2020Article
- The Biology of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein That Can Help Defend Against Viruses and Bacteria.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Tobacco exposure inhibits SPLUNC1-dependent antimicrobial activity.Respiratory research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is a leading cause of respiratory infections worldwide. Tobacco particulate matter disrupts iron homeostasis in the lungs and increases the iron content in the airways of smokers. The airway epithelia secrete lactoferrin to quench iron required for bacteria to proliferate and cause lung infections. We hypothesized that smokers would have increased bacterial growth and biofilm formation via iron lactoferrin imbalance.
methodsWe collected bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from non-smokers and smokers. We challenged these samples using a standard inoculum of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quantified bacterial growth and biofilm formation. We measured both iron and lactoferrin in the samples. We investigated the effect of supplementing non-smoker BAL with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or ferric chloride and the effect of supplementing smoker BAL with lactoferrin on bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
resultsBAL from smokers had increased bacterial growth and biofilm formation compared to non-smokers after both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa challenge. In addition, we found that samples from smokers had a higher iron to lactoferrin ratio. Supplementing the BAL of non-smokers with cigarette smoke extract and ferric chloride increased bacterial growth. Conversely, supplementing the BAL of smokers with lactoferrin had a concentration-dependent decrease in bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
conclusionCigarette smoking produces factors which increase bacterial growth and biofilm formation in the BAL. We propose that smoking disrupts the iron-to-lactoferrin in the airways. This finding offers a new avenue for potential therapeutic interventions to prevent respiratory infections in smokers.
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