ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
The national implementation of Contingency Management (CM) in the Department of Veterans Affairs: Attendance at CM sessions and substance use outcomes.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of Treatments for Cocaine Use Disorder Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Long-term efficacy of contingency management treatment based on objective indicators of abstinence from illicit substance use up to 1 year following treatment: A meta-analysis.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2021Pooled it
- The dissemination and implementation of contingency management for substance use disorders: A systematic review.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Pooled it
- Measurement of substance-free reinforcement in addiction: A systematic review.Clinical psychology review · 2019Pooled it
- "I's" on the prize: A systematic review of individual differences in Contingency Management treatment response.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Centering peers in design and training for a peer-delivered contingency management program for self-identified harm reduction and treatment goals.Harm reduction journal · 2025Trial
- Adjunctive Medication Management and Contingency Management to enhance adherence to acamprosate for alcohol dependence: the ADAM trial RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Trial
- Project MIMIC (Maximizing Implementation of Motivational Incentives in Clinics): A cluster-randomized type 3 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Methamphetamine use drives decreases in viral suppression for people living with HIV released from a large municipal jail: Results of the LINK LA clinical trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- A randomized trial of contingency management reinforcing attendance at treatment: Do duration and timing of reinforcement matter?Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2018Trial
- Military veterans and behavioral medicine: introduction to the special issue.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Contingency Management for Veteran Smokers Undergoing Elective Major Surgery: Protocol and Rationale for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of contingency management for methamphetamine use disorder: A model-based analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Markov Microsimulation Model for the Economic Evaluation of Methamphetamine-Associated Heart Failure in the United States.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Rationale, design and methods of theBMJ open · 2026Article
- Multi-method Analysis of Implementation Determinants and Strategies to Support the Implementation of Contingency Management for Methamphetamine Use in an HIV Care Setting.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Integrating HIV and Stimulant-Use Disorder Treatment: A Pilot Implementation Effectiveness Trial of Contingency Management in HIV Care.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Assessing behavioral reallocation after acute environmental manipulations using an asymmetric cocaine versus sucrose choice task in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Implementing incentives in family medicine for opioid use disorder treatment: a qualitative inquiry on provider and patient preferences for a low magnitude reward program compatible with buprenorphine treatment.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2011, the Department of Veterans Affairs launched an initiative to expand patients' access to contingency management (CM) for the treatment of substance use disorders, particularly stimulant use disorder. This study evaluates the uptake and effectiveness of the VA initiative by presenting data on participation in coaching, fidelity to key components of the CM protocol, and clinical outcomes (CM attendance and substance use).
methodsFifty-five months after the first VA stations began offering CM to patients in June 2011, 94 stations had made CM available to 2060 patients. As those 94 VA stations began delivering CM to Veterans, their staff participated in coaching calls to maintain fidelity to CM procedures. As a part of the CM coaching process, those 94 implementation sites provided data describing the setting and structure of their CM programs as well as their fidelity practices. Additional data on patients' CM attendance and urine test results also were collected from the 94 implementation sites.
resultsThe mean number of coaching calls the 94 programs participated in was 6.5. The majority of sites implemented CM according to recommended standard guidelines and reported high fidelity with most CM practices. On average, patients attended more than half their scheduled CM sessions, and the average percent of samples that tested negative for the target substance was 91.1%.
conclusionThe VA's CM implementation initiative has resulted in widespread uptake of CM and produced attendance and substance use outcomes comparable to those found in controlled clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.