ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2018
A fragmented code: The moral and structural context for providing assistance with injection drug use initiation in San Diego, USA.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Characteristics of People Who Inject Drugs Approached for Injection Assistance in Rural Kentucky.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Endocarditis, drug use and biological sex: A statewide analysis comparing sex differences in drug use-associated infective endocarditis with other drug-related harms.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Latent polydrug use patterns and the provision of injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs in three North American settings.Drug and alcohol review · 2023Article
- Context and correlates of providing assistance with someone's first injection in the AIDS linked to the IntraVenous Experience cohort, Baltimore, MD.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- First-line opioid agonist treatment as prevention against assisting others in initiating injection drug use: A longitudinal cohort study of people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- The influence of poly-drug use patterns on the association between opioid agonist treatment engagement and injecting initiation assistance.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Gender and the first-time provision of injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs across two distinct North American contexts: Tijuana, Mexico and Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Likelihood of Initiating Others into Injection Drug Use Among People Who Inject Drugs in West Virginia.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- "I would rather do it myself": injection initiation and current injection patterns among women who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Investigating a bidirectional relationship between overdose and provision of injection initiation assistance among persons who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada and Tijuana, Mexico.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Examining the gender composition of drug injecting initiation events: A mixed methods investigation of three North American contexts.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Self-perception of assisting with future injection drug initiation: The influence of relationships in the process of drug injecting initiation.Drug and alcohol review · 2021Article
- The role of drug treatment and recovery services: an opportunity to address injection initiation assistance in Tijuana, Mexico.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
- The role of gender and power dynamics in injection initiation events within intimate partnerships in the US-Mexico border region.Culture, health & sexuality · 2020Article
- Recent incarceration and risk of first-time injection initiation assistance: A prospective cohort study of persons who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Reasons for assisting with injection initiation: Results from a large survey of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Opioid agonist treatment scale-up and the initiation of injection drug use: A dynamic modeling analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Article
- Opioid use and misuse: health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions.Psychology & health · 2019Review
- Navigating social norms of injection initiation assistance during an overdose crisis: A qualitative study of the perspectives of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Vancouver, Canada.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInjection drug use initiation is shaped by social networks and structural contexts, with people who inject drugs often assisting in this process. We sought to explore the norms and contexts linked to assisting others to initiate injection drug use in San Diego, USA, to inform the development of structural interventions to prevent this phenomenon.
methodsWe undertook qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of people who inject drugs and had reported assisting others to initiate injection (n = 17) and a sub-sample of people who inject drugs (n = 4) who had not reported initiating others to triangulate accounts. We analyzed data thematically and abductively.
resultsRespondents' accounts of providing initiation assistance were consistent with themes and motives reported in other contexts: of seeking to reduce harm to the 'initiate', responding to requests for help, fostering pleasure, accessing resources, and claims that initiation assistance was unintentional. We developed analysis of these themes to explore initiation assistance as governed by a 'moral code'. We delineate a fragmented moral code which includes a range of meanings and social contexts that shape initiation assistance. We also show how assistance is happening within a structural context that limits discussion of injection drug use, reflecting a prevailing silence on drug use linked to stigma and criminalization.
conclusionsIn San Diego, the assistance of others to initiate injection drug use is governed by a fragmented moral code situated within particular social norms and contexts. Interventions that address the social and structural conditions shaped by and shaping this code may be beneficial, in tandem with efforts to support safe injection and the reduction of injection-related harms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.