ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2019
Refractory airway type 2 inflammation in a large subgroup of asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oral Corticosteroids Dependence and Biologic Drugs in Severe Asthma: Myths or Facts? A Systematic Review of Real-World Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Literature Review of Systemic Corticosteroid Use for Asthma Management.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2020Pooled it
- 2020 Brazilian Thoracic Association recommendations for the management of asthma.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e TisilogiaGuideline
- Relationships between basement membrane zone thickness and airway physiology, epithelial gene expression and innate immune cell infiltration in asthma.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Article
- Trends of T2 and Non-T2 Cytokines During Mepolizumab Treatment in Different Asthma Patient Subgroups.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The identification of biomarkers for response to omalizumab in adult asthma based on untargeted metabolomic analysis.Medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Obesity on Airway Inflammation, Lung Function and Biologic Treatment in Asthma: A Narrative Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Interleukin-35 as a key immunoregulatory mediator in steroid-hyporesponsive severe asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A practical approach to handling missing sputum samples in airway disease research.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Lung function impairment and eosinophilia in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Detection and prediction of real-world severe asthma phenotypes by application of machine learning to electronic health records.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Formoterol, the Most Effective Bronchodilator, Has No Anti-Inflammatory nor Metabolic Modulatory Effects in Severe Asthma Induced by Aspergillus fumigatus.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- PI3K pathway activation in severe asthma is linked to steroid insensitivity and adverse outcomes.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Integrative Roles of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines on Airway Smooth Muscle Structure and Function in Asthma.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Chronic Inflammation in Asthma: Looking Beyond the Th2 Cell.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Type 1 Immune Responses Related to Viral Infection Influence Corticosteroid Response in Asthma.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Expert opinion on gray areas in asthma management: A lesson from the innovative project "revolution in asthma" of the Italian thoracic society (AIPO-ITS).Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Review
- Integrating multi-omics, network pharmacology, and experimental validation to unveil the molecular mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Inflammation-induced loss of CFTR-expressing airway ionocytes in non-eosinophilic asthma.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAirway type 2 inflammation is usually corticosteroid sensitive, but the role of type 2 inflammation as a mechanism of asthma in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) is uncertain.
objectiveWe sought to determine whether airway type 2 inflammation persists in patients treated with ICSs and to evaluate the clinical features of patients with steroid-resistant airway type 2 inflammation.
methodsWe used quantitative PCR to generate a composite metric of type 2 cytokine gene expression (type 2 gene mean [T2GM]) in induced sputum cells from healthy control subjects, patients with severe asthma receiving ICSs (n = 174), and patients with nonsevere asthma receiving ICSs (n = 85). We explored relationships between asthma outcomes and T2GM values and the utility of noninvasive biomarkers of airway T2GM.
resultsSputum cell T2GM values in asthmatic patients were significantly increased and remained high after treatment with intramuscular triamcinolone. We used the median T2GM value as a cutoff to classify steroid-treated type 2-low and steroid-resistant type 2-high (srT2-high) subgroups. Compared with patients with steroid-treated type 2-low asthma, those with srT2-high asthma were older and had more severe asthma. Blood eosinophil cell counts predicted srT2-high asthma when body mass index was less than 40 kg/m
conclusionDespite ICS therapy, many asthmatic patients have persistent airway type 2 inflammation (srT2-high asthma), and these patients are older and have more severe disease. Body weight and age modify the performance of blood-based biomarkers of airway type 2 inflammation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.