ArticlePregnancy hypertension2018
Pharmacokinetics of amlodipine besylate at delivery and during lactation.
Article in Pregnancy hypertension, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nifedipine or amlodipine? The choice for hypertension during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2022Pooled it
- A single-dose, randomized, crossover bioequivalence study of levamlodipine besilate tablets in healthy subjects.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine and Telmisartan Following Oral Administration of a Single-Pill Fixed-Dose Combination in Healthy Korean Male Subjects.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Article
- Kidney disease and reproductive health.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Pregnancy on Antihypertensive Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics: Current Status and Future Directions.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2021Review
- Glomerular Disease in Women.Kidney international reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmlodipine is rarely used in the treatment of pregnant hypertensive women due to limited pharmacokinetic data during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
objectiveTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine besylate in the peri-partum period including quantities of placental passage, breast milk excretion and infant exposure. STUDY
designThis was a prospective study of pregnant women who were prescribed 5 mg of amlodipine daily for treatment of chronic hypertension and delivered at term. Cord and maternal blood samples were collected at delivery. On postpartum day 2, six paired maternal plasma and breast milk samples were obtained at 4, 6, 8, 12, 15 and 24 h following amlodipine dosing. Infant plasma samples were collected 24-48 h after delivery. All samples were analyzed for amlodipine concentration. A one compartment, first-order model was used to calculate pharmacokinetic estimates for maternal plasma.
resultsOf the 16 patients enrolled in the study, 11 had cord blood and maternal serum collected at delivery, of which only 6 produced sufficient breast milk for sampling. Amlodipine was detected in infant cord blood plasma with a mean concentration of 0.49 ± 0.29 ng/mL compared to mean maternal serum level of 1.27 ± 0.84 ng/mL. Amlodipine concentrations in both in breast milk and infant plasma were undetectable at the lower limit of assay detection (<0.1 ng/mL). In the immediate postpartum period, the amlodipine elimination half-life was 13.7 ± 4.9 h, the area under the curve was 53.4 ± 19.8 ng*h/mL and the peak concentration was 2.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL.
conclusionsAmlodipine does cross the placenta in measurable quantities, but is not detected in breast milk or infant plasma at 24-48 h of life indicating that it is likely safe to use during the peripartum period.
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